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LongTerm Memory

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State-dependent memory. Environment (context effect) 1. Learn ... State-dependent memory. Physiological state. Mood. The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: LongTerm Memory


1
Long-Term Memory
2
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Capacity
  • Analogy
  • Scrapbook or treasure chest
  • What type of info is stored?
  • Some think LTM is unlimited

3
However.
STM
LTM
I just sat down.
I had lunch.
I got my drivers licence.
I walked to class.
Years Hours Minutes Now
4
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Coding
  • One explanation for errors of retrieval
  • Problems with encoding

5
Long-Term Potentiation
http//web.bvu.edu/faculty/ferguson/Course_Materia
l/Cognitive_Processes/Images/LTP.jpg
6
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retention Duration
  • Recognition
  • Recall
  • Experiment 1 recall of Spanish
  • Experiment 2 recall of spatial layout of a city

7
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Forgetting
  • Ebbinghauss forgetting curve

http//www.moorshire.com/images/forgettingcurve.jp
g
8
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Forgetting
  • A learning task Paired-associates learning

9
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Forgetting
  • Interference
  • Proactive interference
  • Retroactive interference

10
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • How does interference work?
  • Retrieval Cue
  • Fan effect

11
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retrieval of Information
  • Mnemonics
  • Categorization

12
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retrieval of Information
  • Mnemonics
  • Encoding specificity
  • State-dependent memory
  • Environment (context effect)

1. Learn List
2. Testing Location
Land
Underwater
Land
Underwater
13
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retrieval of Information
  • Mnemonics
  • Encoding specificity
  • State-dependent memory
  • Physiological state
  • Mood

14
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retrieval of Information
  • Mnemonics
  • Encoding specificity
  • Spacing effect
  • Encoding variability

15
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
The Traditional View of Long-Term Memory
  • Retrieval of Information
  • Mnemonics
  • Encoding specificity
  • Cue overload
  • Amount of processing (blackwhite blacktrain)

16
The Levels-of Processing View
  • Basic assumption Depth of Analysis
  • Superficial or shallow encoding
  • Deeper or semantic encoding

17
The Levels-of Processing View
  • Basic assumption Depth of Analysis
  • Experiment
  • Capital letters?
  • Rhyming?
  • Fit into sentence?

BABY monkey
cat fish
plate ocean
18
Short-Term Memory vs. Long-Term Memory
  • Time info stored
  • Capacity
  • Coding (form of storage)
  • Ways info retained or forgotten
  • Ways info retrieved

19
Suggestions for Studying
  • Elaborate
  • Organize
  • Associate
  • Take breaks
  • Match learning and testing conditions

20
  • Question
  • Do lab experiments really tell us anything about
    how memory works in real life?

21
Reconstructive Nature of Memory
  • Autobiographical Memory

22
Reconstructive Nature of Memory
  • Flashbulb Memories

23
Reconstructive Nature of Memory
  • Eyewitness Memory
  • Elizabeth Loftus experiments

24
Reconstructive Nature of Memory
  • The Recovered/False Memory Debate

25
Neurological Studies
H.M. case
26
Amnesia
  • Anterograde Amnesia
  • Affects LTM but not working memory
  • Affects memory regardless of modality
  • Spares general knowledge
  • Spares skilled performance
  • Although skilled performance depends on context
    (hyperspecific memory)

27
Amnesia
  • Retrograde Amnesia
  • Temporal extent varies among patients
  • Most recent memories are most likely to be lost
  • Spares overlearned information
  • Spares skilled learning
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