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COMPLEX EMERGENCY IN COLOMBIA

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Conflict started 44 years ago on an ideological basis; ... UNs (WFP; UNHCR; UNICEF; OCHA & CERF) OIM FUPAD USAID. ICRC. International Plan ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: COMPLEX EMERGENCY IN COLOMBIA


1
COMPLEX EMERGENCY IN COLOMBIA
  • Workshop on PAHO/WHO Corporate Capacity Building
    for Disaster Risk Reduction
  • Dr. Pier Paolo Balladelli
  • 21 - 23 February 2007, Miami Florida, USA

2
Colombia - Humanitarian SituationBackground
  • Conflict started 44 years ago on an ideological
    basis
  • Shifted into great economic interests through
    narcotraffic
  • Three main illegal groups FARC ELN AUC
  • Civil society involved often as shield, or in the
    middle between official military forces and
    illegal groups.
  • Human rights degradation, displacement with lack
    of access to social services as a result of
    combat, air bombings, antipersonnel mines
    massacres, seizing population centers, selective
    murders, kidnappings, trapped populations and IDP.

3
Total Numbers of Internally Displaced People
(IDPs)
  • 1896160 people (432344 families) according to
    official data (registered at SIPOD-Accion
    Social)
  • 1463735 individual displacement
  • 432224 as a result of mass displacement
  • 2940000 according to NGOs (CODHES) without
    individual verification. It includes
    displacements for gliphosate air spray

4
IDPs Social Health Profile
  • Illiteracy 23 among displaced population vs 7
    national average
  • IDP adolescent mothers 35 (PAHO 2003) / 57.8
    (Profamilia 2005) vs 19 national average
  • 48 IDPs covered by health protection system and
    52 beneficiaries of state subsidies.
  • Mortality rate 6 times higher then national
    average
  • 75,7 of families in food insecurity
  • Complete immunization 2 under 4 yr (PAHO-2003)
    - 9 (Fupad-PILAS 2005)

5
Colombia a country with an advanced legal
framework for IDPs
  • Law 387/97 Creates national system for
    assistance to IDPs resources, structure,
    responsibilities, etc.
  • Sentence T-025/2004 of the Constitutional Court
    introduces urgent measures to guarantee rights of
    IDPs and urges MPS accomplish with existing laws
    and decrees on assistance to IDPs.
  • The Constitutional Court is following up on
    progress on a regular bases concerning Government
    mandate for fulfilling rights of IDPs.

6
Trends in GoC Resource Execution for IDPs
7
Health Sector Challenges IDPs
  • Many governmental partners (Accion Social, ICBF,
    etc) with a sound network to protect IDPs but
    with challenges in database.
  • Ill access to the protection system
  • low execution rates of national resources
    earmarked for IDPs
  • Health determinants below average
  • Special IDPs groups (Indigenous, Afro-American,
    etc) with additional burden.

8
Relocation of PAHO/WHO FOs in Colombia
Coveragefrom 8 to 15 Dpts
9
Achievements
  • a. Platform for analysis and policy/implementation
    decisions among authorities and allies at
    national and peripheral level (IASC
    coordination)
  • b. Institutional strengthening on competencies at
    National and Departmental level (based on
    national law and the protection system)
  • Outputs
  • Improved Coordination Synergy among HA actors
  • Enhanced Institutional Decision Making Abilities
  • Improved IDP quality access to health services /
    Improved Sanitary Conditions
  • Increased Disaster Preparedness and Response
    Capacity
  • Improved Network re Refugees Health in
    Neighboring Countries

10
Main Partners in Humanitarian Assistance -
Colombia
  • From the Colombian Government
  • Ministry of Social Protection
  • Accion Social Presidential Office for
    Humanitarian Assistance and International
    Cooperation
  • Governors and Municipality Authorities
  • Ministry of Environment, Housing, Water and
    Sustainable Development
  • Colombian Institute for Social Welfare (ICBF)

From de International CommunityPRM- US State
DepartmentCIDA-CanadaECHO-EUUNs (WFP UNHCR
UNICEF OCHA CERF)OIM FUPAD USAIDICRC
International Plan MSF
From the Colombian Civil SocietyPAHO/WHO
Collaborative CentersUniversities (Antioquia,
Javeriana, UIS-Santander)CODHES IDPs
ASSOCIATIONS
11
Platform for Coordination among Partnersat
National and Peripheral Level
  • Tools
  • National (since 2004)) and Peripheral Health
    Committee, now re-built into IASC. Situation
    rooms, IDPs Committees.
  • Outputs
  • Synergy among HA actors Institutional
    Strengthening (especially targeting increases
    national funds execution), Mass displacement
    situation analysis, Surveillance, Advocacy,
    Technical Guidelines, Civil society empowerment.

12
Access to Health Services
  • Enhanced Institutional Execution Analysis
    Decision Making Abilities
  • Promote new epidemiological registers (SIVIGILA)
  • New epidemiological bulletin Strengthen analysis
    capacity
  • Early Warning System - EWS
  • SIGA extension
  • Community Empowerment
  • Path to Health
  • an access route for IDP Health Care

13
IDP Baseline Information (Norte de Santander)
14
PAHO/WHO Web Page

15
WEB PAGE VIEWS 2001-2006

16
SIGA

17
Path to Health
18
Training
19
PWR with IDPs can help advocacy and contributes
to visibility
20
Execution of national resources earmarked for
IDPs (Valle)
21
Improved health determinants good sanitary
conditions for IDP
  • Healthy housing (guidelines water filters dry
    latrine emergency sanitation kits etc)
  • Healthy Schools
  • Partnership is critical for achieving healthy
    housing!

22
Family Temporal Shelter
WATER FILTERS

23
Increased disaster response capacity
  • Human resources capacities
  • Community risks maps
  • Emergency preparedness training
  • Develop or update emergency plans
  • Health center preparedness guide
  • Resources mobilization
  • Emergency contingency plans
  • Social communications strategies

24
Emergency Preparedness (Galeras Volcano, Floods
2004-2005)
SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
25
Improve refugees health in neighboring countries
  • Human resources training
  • Epidemiological surveillance and control
  • Health conditions monitoring
  • Reference centre

26
Bi-National Commissions Health Analysis and
Response in bordering areas

27
Lessons learnt re Management1. Making of PED a
cross-cutting issue at PWR
  • Lessons from Coordination Committee and IASC
    suggest CT platforms to GoC
  • Tool kit uses strategies and instruments from a
    variety of technical areas and domains
  • It obliges an inter-programmatic style of work
  • It helps understand conduct CT in a
    decentralized country (municipality MDG)
  • It impacts MDG and helps build specific
    competences and management mechanisms for the
    national protection system..

28
Lessons learnt re Management2. Building an
Integrated Approach of HQs and PWRs
  • Starting from Analysis and Planning in
    identifying priorities and ways of working
  • Creating understanding and synergy in dealing
    with partners (Government Donors UN NGOs
    Centers of Exc)
  • Dealing with multi-country strategy approach
  • Team building and impact analysis

29
Lessons learnt re Management3. PAHO/WHO seen as
a resource for better coordination and as a know
how partner
  • Thematic platform the most durable and precursor
    of IASC (since 2004)
  • Mix of Government, UNs, bilateral, NGOs, local
    partners (each meeting with national and
    departmental sections)
  • Alliances many times do nor imply resource
    counterpart from PAHO/WHO but only know how
  • Civil society participacion is key to success.

30
Humanitarian Assistance the CHALLENGES
  • Find a balance between institutional
    strengthening and substitution in acute
    situations
  • Find a balance between emergency response and
    piloting new tools
  • Can PED FOs be considered an opportunity for
    decentralized TC?
  • Is development TC for IDPs to be considered as a
    PED issue?
  • Can reintegration of ex combatants humanitarian
    assistance be dealt together?
  • Exit strategy Feasibility of MoU with resources
    from the Government. Case-study Santander
    Cordoba.

31
IDPs in Quibdo Colombia Feb 2007
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