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Francis Galton

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Explanation for men's dominance over women, white men's dominance over men of ... Galton advocated that families should be evaluated given 'marks' -- for 'fitness' ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Francis Galton


1
Francis Galton
  • Why its called regression.

2
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)
  • IQ testers in the early 20th century argued over
    whether Galton was
  • the smartest person of his day or
  • the smartest person who ever lived.

3
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)
  • Loved to count things.
  • Developed the first classification system for
    fingerprints
  • For identifying people.
  • Pioneer of statistics
  • Invented standard deviation

4
First use of regression
  • Francis Galton (1886). "Regression Towards
    Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature". Journal of the
    Anthropological Institute 15 246263.

5
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6
  • Galton wrote Hereditary Genius (1869)
  • Darwin (after reading Galton) I have always
    maintained that, excepting fools, men did not
    differ much in intellect, only in zeal and hard
    work.
  • Galton The rejoinder that might be made to his
    remark about hard work, is that character,
    including the aptitude for work, is heritable
    like every other faculty.

7
At the time he published the regression article
  • 1884-1890 Galton ran laboratory for measuring
    heads
  • Craniometry

8
Differences among races echoing differences among
primates?
This diagram from Samuel George Morton, 1839
9
Scientific Racism
  • Explanation for mens dominance over women, white
    mens dominance over men of color around the
    world in terms of individuals unchangeable
    characteristics
  • Rather than social construct
  • Social science is science, too

10
1899, The Races of Europe.
11
  • Craniometry reality check
  • Men bigger heads than women smarter?
  • Stephen J. Gould re-examined Mortons skulls
  • Ever changing methods for measuring skulls to get
    the results assumed to be true
  • Neoteny

12
Statistical concepts developed as part of effort
to make sexism and racism
  • Standard deviation
  • Regression
  • Correlation coefficient (r and R2)
  • Factor analysis

13
Eugenics
  • Galton invented the term in 1883
  • Eu genics inheriting good things
  • Galton advocated that families should be
    evaluated given marks -- for fitness
  • Money incentive for families with high marks to
    have more children
  • Horrors of World War II made eugenics
    unfashionable
  • Sterilization of defectives in the U.S.

14
Galton and scientific racism revived?
  • The Bell Curve 1994
  • Race and IQ

15
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