CHEM 1003: Chemistry of Food, Health and Drugs

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CHEM 1003 Chemistry of Food, Health and Drugs

• Professor G. W. Buchanan
• Office 116 Steacie
• (613)-520-3840
• Email gerald_buchanan_at_carleton.ca
• Course website PP slides will be posted
• http//www.carleton.ca/chemistry/undergrad/courses
  /CHEM1003.htm

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CHEM 1003 Organization/Grades

• Mid term (2 hours) 40. Weekend of June 12
• Final (3 hours) 60 covers all material June
  30, July 2-4
• If absent from midterm for any reason, marks go
  on final
• Problem sets will be assigned, but not marked.
  Answers posted on website
• Questions on quizzes and Final similar to those
  on problem sets
• Format Multiple Choice and Short Answer

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Materials

• Text The Extraordinary Chemistry of Ordinary
  Things 4th ed. Carl H. Snyder
• Wiley Publishing.
• Problems assigned from this text

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Problems from May 12 class

• Chapt 1 1,2
• Chapt 2 6,8,18
• Chapt 3 3
• Chapt 526,30
• Chapt 9 1,14
• Chapt 12 1,18
• May 14 class Chapt 6 1,8 Chapt 81,21
• Keep up to date!!!!!

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Aims of the course

• Not to produce Chemists!
• To show the relevance of Chemistry in Food ,Drugs
  and Health
• To promote critical assessment of information in
  the media ie. Intellectual Triage of Food, Drug
  and Health concerns, trends, new ideas etc.
• To get student participation!

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Class format

• PP presentations
• Demonstrations (mostly taped)
• Whats in the news? Current topics related to
  course material as they appear in media/internet
• We will try to do intellectual triage on each
  (i) immediate action (ii) follow it (iii) forget
  (rubbish?)

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Some examples

• Vitamin D link between deficiency and the risk
  of developing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) established
  (Feb 2009)
• Immediate action
• Researchers found that proteins activated by
  Vitamin D bind to a segment of DNA near a gene
  implicated in MS (degenerative neurological
  condition-destroys nerve cells in brain and
  spinal cord)
• Most common in northern populations (Low
  sunlight)
• All Canadians should take Vitamin D (it is added
  to Milk)

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Charlatan Story Raw food diets (Feb 4 2009)

• Statement by Natasha Kyssa (Simply Raw, Ottawa)
  that people feel sluggish when eating cooked
  foods because enzymes in food are destroyed when
  heated and the body must use its own enzymes,
  thus depleting it of energy
• Analysis rubbish! The enzymes used in digestion
  are not contained in food!

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Lecture topics

• Class 1 atoms, elements, isotopes, origin of
  food, chemical arithmetic, greenhouse gases,
  concentrations, states of matter- MIXED BAG
• Class 2 Overview of Organic Chemistry. Energy
  and food.
• Class 3 Lipids Fats and oils
• Class 4 Carbohydrates
• Class 5 Amino acids and proteins
• Class 6 Nucleic acids and genes minerals
• --------------------------------------------------
  ------------------------------------------------
• Midterm covers 1st 6 classes material Friday
  June 12 from 5-7 PM
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  Class 7 Vitamins Food additives
• Class 8 Poisons, Toxins, Hazards, risks
• Class 9 Acids and bases Medicines and Drugs
  (part I)
• Class10 Meds and Drugs part II. Lifestyle
  Drugs Caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol
• Class11 Fitness Food production Agricultural
  Chemistry
• Class12 Herbal Supplements, Weight loss Diet
  fads,review

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The units (website PP postings)!

• May 12 Units 1-5
• May 14 Units 67
• May 19 Units 89
• May 21 Unit 10
• June 2 Units 11 12.1
• June 4 Units 12.1 12.2
• all covered on quiz 1 June 12

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2nd half of course

• June 9 Units 12.3 13
• June 11 Units 14 15
• June 16 Units 16 17
• June 18 Units 18 19
• June 23 Units 20 21
• June 25 Final review Qs As
• NB. This is approximate!!!

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What in the world isnt Chemistry??
An Introduction to Chemistry lets keep it
simple (and fun) chapter 1
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Chemistry is the branch of science that studies
the composition and properties of matter and the
changes that matter undergoes
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Elements are the fundamental substances of
chemistry and are composed of atoms. 115
different elements have been identified, eg.
hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
helium, carbon, calcium, iron, sodium, chlorine.
Elements cannot be decomposed or converted to
simpler substances or other elements by any
common form of energy, eg. heat, light,
electricity, sound, magnetism. Only neutron
bombardment can induce fission of some nuclei (ie
236U) causing decay to other elements and release
of energy.
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element
that can be identified as that element.
Atoms, once thought to be the ultimate
indivisible particles that make up all matter,
are among the fundamental particles of the
science of chemistry John Dalton (1776-1844)
(UK) proposed that all matter was composed of
atoms-he was correct!
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A compound is a pure substance formed by the
chemical combination of two or more different
elements in a specific ratio.
Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held
together by the forces of chemical bonds. H2 and
O2 are molecules but not compounds.
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An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries
an electrical charge.
An anion is a negatively charged ion.
A cation is a positively charged ion.
Electrolytes are substances that conduct
electricity when dissolved in water,
or when melted if they dont dissolve.
Those that dont are
nonelectrolytes.
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Electrolytes in Human Cells
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What are we made of?

• On average, about 60 Water by weight, hence O
  and H are major components
• Muscles and fat also contain C and N
• Thus H, O, C and N make up over 95 of our
  weight!
• In terms of of atoms, much higher H
• As we age, we lose water

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Other Elements in the Human Body
Element gms/ 70kg Where
Dietary Source
Calcium Chlorine Cobalt Copper Iodine Iron
MagnesiumPhosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc
1500 105 trace trace trace 2
22 800 220 70 trace
bones teeth all cells stomach vitamin B12
in many enzymes thyroid hemoglobin
in all cells bones in ATP bones
intracellular cation extracellular cation many
enzymes
milk products table salt meat, fish, milk
nuts, shellfish seafood beef, fruits
green veggies meat, eggs everywhere table
salt seafood, meat
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Nature of these elements

• Many present as ions or in combination with
  others.
• Chlorine is present as Cl- (chloride ion).
• Phosphorus is in phosphate ion (PO4) -3.
• Sodium Potassium present as Na and K.
• 2009 sodium kills campaign- NaCl and blood
  pressure
• Iodine present as I- (iodide ion).
• Calcium present as Ca2, often in Ca3(PO4)2.
  Calcium phosphate in teeth and bones.

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Trace Elements in the Body (a few of many)

• Selenium Se-in selenoproteins, acts as a
  peroxide scavenger. Hence anti-aging effects
  (at the proper level). Toxic at higher levels
• Manganese Mn-in metalloenzymes such as pyruvate
  carboxylase
• Molybdenum Mo-in xanthine oxidase, also a
  metalloenzyme
• ase suffix denotes an enzyme-physiological
  catalyst

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So we are full of Chemicals!!

• The 10 most abundant elements in our body in
  terms of weight
• Oxygen 65
• Carbon 18
• Hydrogen 10
• Nitrogen 3
• Calcium 1.5
• Phosphorus 1.0
• Potassium .25
• Sulfur .25
• Chlorine .15
• Sodium .15
• and 37 others (of known function)