Transformations

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QUIT
Transformations Around the Globe, 18001914
Chapter Overview
Time Line
China Responds to Pressure from the West
1
SECTION
Japan Modernizes
2
SECTION
MAP
U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
3
SECTION
The Mexican Revolution
4
SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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Transformations Around the Globe, 18001914
Countries in East Asia and Latin America respond
to Western imperialism in different ways. China
and Japan try to modernize. Latin America becomes
dependent on exports and foreign investments.
Mexico fights for independence and political
stability.
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Transformations Around the Globe, 18001914
Time Line
1839 China and Britain clash in Opium War.
1914 Panama Canal opens.
1898 United States wins Spanish-American War.
1823 Monroe Doctrine reflects special U.S.
interest in Americas.
1853 Commodore Perry enters Tokyo harbor.
1910 Mexican Revolution begins.
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China Responds to Pressure from the West
Key Idea
China clings to its ancient traditions and
self-sufficiency, but eventually succumbs to both
external pressure from Western powers and
internal population and governmental pressures.
Overview
Assessment
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China Responds to Pressure from the West
Overview
Opium War extraterritorial rights Taiping
Rebellion sphere of influence Open Door
Policy Boxer Rebellion  
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Western economic pressure forced China to open to
foreign trade and influence.
China has become an increasingly important member
of the global community.
Assessment
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China Responds to Pressure from the West
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the major events in Chinas
dealings with foreign nations between 1830 and
1900. Include both policies and actual
confrontations in your discussion.
1842 Treaty of Nanjing
1850-1864 Taiping Rebellion
1899 Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
continued . . .
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China Responds to Pressure from the West
1
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think the opium trade was finally more
harmful or beneficial to China? Explain. THINK
ABOUT
the effects of the Opium War
other Chinese responses to foreign influence
the aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion
ANSWER
HarmfulIt had a negative effect on the peoples
health and triggered numerous wars and
uprisings. BeneficialIt ultimately forced the
Chinese government to face the discontent of the
people and begin to reform.
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Japan Modernizes
MAP
Key Idea
Japan also faces pressures from Western nations,
but, unlike China, it begins to modernize
rapidly. It also emulates the Western
imperialistic model and annexes Korea.
Overview
Assessment
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Japan Modernizes
MAP
Overview
Treaty of Kanagawa Meiji era
Russo-Japanese War annexation
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Japan followed the model of Western powers by
industrializing and expanding its foreign
influence.
Japans continued development of its own way of
life has made it a leading world power.
Assessment
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Japan Modernizes
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the steps that Japan took toward
modernization and the events that contributed to
its growth as an imperialistic power.
Claimed feudal lands for government
Abolished extraterritorial rights
Forced Korean ports to open
Studied Western ways
Fought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars
Industrialized
Annexed Korea
continued . . .
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Japan Modernizes
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
2. In your view, was Japans aggressive
imperialism justified? THINK ABOUT
reasons for Japans early isolation
what Japan could gain from imperialism
Japans treatment of conquered peoples
ANSWER
JustifiedJapan had to expand to compete in the
global economy. Not justifiedJapan didnt have
to rule Korea as harshly as it did.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Japan Modernizes
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
3. What influences do you think were most
important in provoking Japan to build its empire?
THINK ABOUT
Japans size and geographical features
Japans relations with China and Russia
the interest of countries such as Britain and
theUnited States in Japan
ANSWER
Because Japan is a small island, it was
vulnerable to invaders. Having huge empire
builders as neighbors forced Japan to expand in
self-defense. The Japanese feared they might lose
control of their country to the Western powers
that traded at its ports.
Possible Response
End of Section 2
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U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Key Idea
With its colonial legacy and political
instability, Latin America remains economically
under-developed after independence. In the late
1800s, the United States begins to exert great
economic and political influence in Latin America.
Overview
Assessment
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U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Overview
caudillo Monroe Doctrine José Martí
Spanish-American War Panama Canal Roosevelt
Corollary
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The United States put increasing economic and
political pressure on Latin America during the
19th century.
This policy set the stage for 20th-century
relations between Latin America and the United
States.
Assessment
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U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the major events of U.S.
involvement in Latin America.
Monroe Doctrine
Spanish-American War
Panamanian Rebellion
Roosevelt Corollary
Panama Canal opened
continued . . .
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U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
3
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think that U.S. imperialism was more
beneficial or harmful to Latin American people?
Explain. THINK ABOUT
the benefits provided by U.S.-owned companies
the harmful effects of foreign economic and
political influence
ANSWER
BeneficialThe jobs and export income that
U.S.-owned companies generated helped poor
farmers and working people. HarmfulForeign
intervention prevented Latin American countries
from becoming truly independent.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
Key Idea
After territorial struggles with the United
States, Mexico fights to achieve independence
from France. It remains politically unstable,
however, under the rule of military dictators. In
the early 1900s, economic and political
inequality incite the Mexican people to rebel.
Overview
Assessment
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The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
Overview
Antonio López de Santa Anna Benito Juárez
La Reforma Porfirio Díaz Francisco Madero
Francisco Pancho Villa Emiliano Zapata
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Political, economic, and social inequalities in
Mexico triggered a period of revolution and
reform.
Mexico has moved toward political democracy and
is a strong economic force in the Americas.
Assessment
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The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
1. List the major accomplishment of each Mexican
leader discussed in this section.
Santa Anna
Led Mexican forces in revolt against the U.S.
Worked for reforms in education, land
distribution, and separation of church and state
Juárez
Díaz
Promoted growth and industrialization
Madero
Started the Mexican Revolution
Villa and Zapata
Fought for peasants rights
Carranza
Revised Mexican constitution
Obregón
Promoted education, land reform, and workers
rights
continued . . .
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The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
2. Why did Juárez have trouble putting his
liberal program La Reforma into action? THINK
ABOUT
the types of reforms Juárez wanted
how those reforms would affect Mexicans of
theupper and lower classes
the political climate of the country
ANSWER
He faced powerful opposition from Santa Anna, who
was against reform, and from the upper classes,
who didnt want to give up their land or power.
Possible Response
continued . . .
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The Mexican Revolution
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
3. Juárezs motto for change in Mexico was
Liberty, Order, and Progress. Díazs slogan was
Order and Progress. What did this difference in
goals mean for the country? THINK ABOUT
Juárezs accomplishments
Díazs accomplishments
the value of order and progress without
liberty
ANSWER
Loss of political freedom Human rights
abuses Growing gap between rich and poor
Possible Responses
End of Section 4