Internet protocol IP address

1
Internet protocol (IP) address

• Number that uniquely identifies each computer or
  device connected to the Internet
• Four groups of numbers, each separated by a
  period
• Number in each group is between 0 and 255

IP address
2
Domain name

• Text version of an IP address
• Components are separated by periods
• Each domain name represents one or more IP
  addresses

IP address
129.3.1.100
Domain name
3
How the Internet Works
4
URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
(world wide web)
US.html
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
5
How the Internet Works
search
Internet
client
server
image.jpeg
view
Index.html
6
Accessing the Internet

• Connect via LAN server
• Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol
  (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Connect via an online service (e.g., AOL, MSN or
  Prodigy)
• Other ways to connect (e.g., wireless application
  protocol, or WAP)

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Figure 7.3 Several Ways to Access the Internet
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Internet Access Options

• Direct (Dedicated) Connection
• Computer has its own IP address and is attached
  to a LAN
• No need to dial up
• Files are stored on your computer
• Quick response time
• Dialup Connection
• Limited connection using a modem
• Full access dialup uses SLIP or PPP via modem

• Broadband Connections
• DSL Service
• Newer, faster, and cheaper than ISDN
• Can share phone line with voice traffic
• Cable Modem Connection
• Allows Internet connections using shared TV
  cables
• Can exceed DSL speeds
• Carries increased privacy and security risks

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• Satellite Connection
• Provides connection using DirecTV
• satellite dishes
• Wireless Broadband Connection
• Allows multiple computers to connect to a
• base station using short-range radio waves.
• Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
• Local ISPs provide connections through local
  telephone lines
• National ISPs offer connections on a nationwide
  scale
• Most online services (AOL, MSN, Prodigy) provide
  internet services

10
Internet Service Providers

• Internet service provider (ISP) any company that
  provides individuals or organizations with
  Internet access
• National ISP, Regional ISP
• Most charge a monthly fee
• Many ISPs and online services offer broadband
  Internet access through digital subscriber lines
  (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission

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The World Wide Web

• World Wide Web AKA the Web, WWW, or W3
• A menu-based system that uses the client/server
  model
• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world
  into a series of menu pages, or screens, that
  appear on your computer
• Hypermedia tools that connect the data on Web
  pages, allowing users to access topics in
  whatever order they wish

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The World Wide Web (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) the standard
  page description language for Web pages
• HTML tags inform browsers how to format text on
  a Web page, and whether images, sound, and other
  elements should be inserted
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language
  for Web documents containing structured
  information, including words, pictures, and other
  elements

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Figure 7.4 Sample Hypertext Markup Language
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WWW Terminology

• Home Page
• Web Site
• Hyperlinks
• Webmaster
• Browsers
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

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Web Browsers

• Web browser software that creates a unique,
  hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen,
  providing a graphical interface to the Web
  (Netscape, IE, Firefox)
• allows you to access and view web pages
• The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text
  with hypertext links

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Your own home page

• Your own site on the web
• Must have a service provider
• Must have some software with which to write it
• Manual exercise
• Some editors and programming aids such as
  Microsoft Frontpage

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Creating web pages

• Create document file using HTML
• Plain text
• .htm or .html extensions
• Content includes HTML and text
• Upload to the server
• Browser for viewing

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HTML

• HyperText Markup Language
• Hypertext Documents distributed in files and
  connected by hyperlinks
• The markup language used by the World Wide Web
• HTML uses markup tags to tell the Web browser how
  to display the text.
• Formatting commands are intermixed with text in a
  file
• Interpreted from start to finish
• It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee

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HTML tags

• html.../html
• These tags tell the Web browser that your
  document can be displayed and they also mark the
  beginning and end of the entire document.
•  head.../head
• These tags create a header for your Web
  document. This lets you title your document.
•  title.../title
• These tags create a title for your Web
  document so people will know your Web document's
  name. This title does not appear on the page but
  usually shows up at the top of the browser
  window.
• lttitlegtIntroduction to HTMLlt/titlegt
•  body.../body

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For Example
lthtmlgt ltheadgt lttitlegt A Dogs Life lt/titlegt lt/head
gt ltbodygt lth1gt A Dogs Life lt/h1gt Dog 1 Bow wow
wow ltpgt Dog 2 Bow wow wow wow ltpgt ltimg
srchttp// www.dogworld.com/doggy.gifgt lt/bodygt
lt/htmlgt
Netscape A Dogs Life
Location http//www.dogworld.com/index.htm
A Dogs Life Dog 1 Bow wow wow Dog 2 Bow wow
wow wow
Checkout VIEW Source
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HTMLs Limitations

• HTML is a presentation technology only
• HTML tag names dont describe what content is.
  They only imply how content appears
• HTML has a fixed tag set
• In HTML, both the tag semantics and the tag set
  are fixed.

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Extensible Markup language (XML)

• Markup language for structured documents
• XML specifies neither semantics nor a tag set.
• XML was created so that richly structured
  documents could be used over the web.

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Connect to the server
Put (uploading)
Your home computer
Web Server
graphicA
graphicB
Index.html
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Finding server space
Internet server options

• Web server host for your site
• Options
• Inherit a server (Free)
• ISPs and Online services (AOL, CompuServe)
• Online publishing communities (Yahoo!Geocities)
• Professional hosting services
• (www.hostserach,com, www.hostindex.com,
• www.tophost.com, webhostlist.internetlist.com)

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Internet Services - Communications

• E-mail electronic messaging
• USENET newsgroups forums that collect groups of
  messages from users based on common themes
• LISTSERV distributes email messages to all
  subscribers
• Chatting live, interactive, written
  conversations based on topic groups
• Instant messaging instant text messaging
  between Internet users
• Telnet user on one computer doing work on
  another computer
• Internet telephony conducting voice
  conversations over the Internet
• Internet fax real time document transmittal
• Streaming audio and video

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Internet Services Information Retrieval

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) electronic
  transfer of files from one computer to another
• Archie tools to enable searching for files at
  FTP sites
• Gophers menu-driven information search tool
• Veronica text search through Gopher sites
• Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) database
  search tool

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Finding Information on the Web

• Understanding Information Discovery Tools
• Subject Guides
• Search Engines
• A software program you can use to find Web sites,
  Web pages and Internet files
• A Web search tool that helps you find relevant
  web pages