Welcome to

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Welcome to Course 7510 Introduction to OSHA for
Small Businesses in the Printing Industry
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Objectives

• Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace
  injuries and illnesses
• Identify basic employer and employee
  responsibilities and rights under OSHA
• Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and
  developed
• Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process
• Recognize the four elements of a safety and
  health management system
• Obtain information about compliance assistance

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Overview

• Small Businesses
• Represent more than 99.7 of employers
• Employ more than half of all private sector
  employees
• Pay 44.5 of total U.S. private payroll
• Generate 60 80 of new jobs annually

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OSHAsEstablishment

• Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration
• Law signed on December 29, 1970
• To provide worker safety and health protection

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Why OSHA is Needed
More than 14,000 worker deaths annually
2.5 million workers disabled by work-related
injuries Estimated 300,000 cases of
work-related illness
Prior to 1970
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OSHAs Impact
Since 1970

• Work-related fatalities cut by 62
• Overall injury and illness rate reduced 42
• Brown lung disease eliminated
• Trenching fatalities reduced 35

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OSHAs Tools

• Strong, fair and effective enforcement
• Outreach, education and compliance
  assistance
• Partnerships and other cooperative
  programs

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Summary of Section 1 - Background of OSHA

• When was the Occupational Safety and Health
  Act signed?
• Why was OSHA necessary?
• What are the 3 tools OSHA uses to fulfill its
  mission?

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• All private sector employers and their
  employees in the U.S. and its territories and
  jurisdictions
• Does not cover
• The self-employed
• Immediate members of farming families with no
  outside workers
• Mine workers, certain truckers and transportation
  workers, atomic energy workers
• Public employees

OSHA Coverage
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OSHA Coverage

• Dana Wilson, a public school teacher at Apple
  Valley Elementary.
• Harry Adams, a miner at Below Ground Inc.
• Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of ABC
  landscaping.
• Taylor Dell, an accountant in business for
  herself.

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Major Employer Responsibilities

• Provide a workplace free from recognized
  hazards
• Comply with OSHA standards and regulations
• Be familiar with standards applicable to your
  workplace and make copies available

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Major Employer Rights

• Obtain free advice and on-site consultation
• Accompany compliance officer on inspection
• Request an informal conference
• Contest citations and penalties

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Employee Responsibilities and Rights

• Responsibilities include
• Complying with OSHA standards
• Wearing required PPE
• Reporting hazards to supervisor
• Rights include
• Reviewing standards
• Receiving training
• Requesting an OSHA investigation
• Reviewing the OSHA 300 Log

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Section 11(c)
Discrimination can include

• Firing or laying off
• Blacklisting
• Demoting
• Denying overtime or promotion
• Disciplining

• Denial of benefits
• Failure to hire or rehire
• Intimidation
• Reassignment affecting future promotions
• Reducing pay or hours

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Summary of Section 2 - Coverage,
Responsibilities and Rights

• True or False? The OSH Act covers the
  self-employed.
• Name one of an employers three major
  responsibilities under OSHA.
• What is Section 11(c)?

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OSHA Standards Overview

• 29 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
• 1910 General Industry
• 1926 Construction
• 1915, 1917 1918 Maritime

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Finding Standards on OSHAs Website
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Frequently Cited Standards in the Printing
Industry
Standards cited
Number of times the standard was cited by Federal
OSHA October 2005 through September 2006.
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General Duty Clause

• Section 5(a)(1) of the Act
• Employers must furnish a place of employment free
  from recognized hazards
• Applies when there is no specific standard

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How OSHA Develops Standards

• OSHA initiates or in response to petitions from
  other parties
• Intention to propose, amend, or revoke a standard
  published in the Federal Register
• Interested parties may submit written
  information OSHA may schedule a public hearing
• Final outcome is a standard or amendment, or a
  determination that none is necessary

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Reporting and Recordkeeping

• Report fatality/catastrophes within 8 hours
• Maintain injury and illness records
• Post annual summary February 1 to April 30

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Summary of Section 3 - Standards

• OSHA standards are broken into parts. Which part
  contains standards for General Industry?
• What must employers report to OSHA within eight
  hours?

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Inspection Priorities

• Imminent danger
• Catastrophes and fatal accidents
• Employee complaints
• Referrals
• Planned or Targeted inspections
• Follow-up inspections

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Inspection Process

• Opening conference
• Walk Around
• Closing conference

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Opening Conference

• Purpose of inspection is described
• A copy of the complaint is provided, if
  applicable
• Employees are included, unless employer objects
• Scope of the inspection is discussed, including
• Private employee interviews
• Physical inspection of the workplace and records
• Possible referrals
• Discrimination complaints
• Closing conference

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Walk Around Representatives

• Generally include employer designated and
  employee designated representatives

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Records Review

• Compliance Officer
• Checks that OSHA poster is displayed
• Reviews injury and illness records for three
  prior calendar years
• Checks for posting of Injury and Illness Summary
  (February 1 April 30)

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Walk Around Inspection

• The main purpose of the walk around inspection is
  to identify potential safety and/or health
  hazards in the workplace
• Walk around includes
• Evaluation of safety and health program
• Recording of all facts pertinent to an apparent
  violation
• Collecting samples
• Taking photographs and video
• Interviews

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Abatement Assistance

• CSHOs will offer appropriate abatement
  assistance during the walk around as to how
  workplace hazards might be eliminated
• The information will provide guidance to the
  employer in developing acceptable abatement
  methods or in seeking appropriate professional
  assistance
• Use of specific product names when recommending
  abatement measures does not imply OSHA
  endorsement of any product or service

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Closing Conference

• At the conclusion of an inspection, the CSHO
  conducts a closing conference with the employer
  and the employee representatives, jointly or
  separately, as circumstances dictate.
• The closing conference may be conducted on site
  or by telephone, as determined by the CSHO

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OSHA Citations

• Inform employers and employees of
• Regulations and standards the employer allegedly
  violated
• Hazardous working conditions
• Proposed length of time set for abatement of
  hazards
• Any proposed penalties

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Citations and Penalties

• The CSHO reports findings to the area director,
  who evaluates them
• If a violation exists, OSHA will issue a Citation
  and Notification of Penalty
• Citations and notices of proposed penalties are
  sent by certified mail
• Employer must post a copy of each citation at or
  near place where violation occurred, for 3 days
  or until violation abated, whichever is longer

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Violations and Penalties

• Other-than-serious
• Serious (up to 7,000)
• Willful (up to 70,000)
• Repeated (up to 70,000)
• Failure to abate

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Appeals Process

• May seek an informal conference or settlement
  prior to contest
• Contest must be done within 15 working days
• In writing to area office

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Informal Conferences

• Before deciding whether to file a contest,
  employers are encouraged to request an informal
  conference
• Informal conferences must be held within the 15
  working day contest period

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Informal Conferences and Settlement

• During informal conferences, employers can
• Obtain a better explanation of the violations or
  standards
• Negotiate and enter into an informal settlement
  agreement
• Discuss methods of correction or problems with
  abatement dates
• Resolve disputed citations and penalties
• Obtain answers to other questions

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Additional Information

• More information about informal conferences, the
  appeals process, and employer options following
  an OSHA inspection is available in
• OSHA Publication 3000, Employer Rights and
  Responsibilities Following an OSHA Inspection
  http//www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.pdf

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Summary of Section 4 - OSHA Inspection Process

• What are the stages of an OSHA inspection?
• What are the types of OSHA violations?

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Safety and Health Management System

• Four elements
• Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
• Worksite Analysis
• Hazard Prevention and Control
• Safety and Health Training

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Element 1 - Management Leadership and Employee
Involvement

• Management Leadership
• Motivating force and resources
• Safety and health is a fundamental value
• Employee Involvement
• Workers develop and express their own commitment
  to safety and health, for themselves and fellow
  workers

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Element 2 Worksite Analysis

• Involves 4 major actions
• Comprehensive survey of facility
• Change analysis
• Routine job hazard analyses (JHA)
• Periodic and daily inspections

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Element 3 Hazard Prevention and Control

• Systems used to prevent and control hazards
  include
• Engineering controls
• Safe work practices
• Administrative controls
• Personal protective equipment

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Element 4 Safety and Health Training

• Types of training include
• Orientation training
• Hazard recognition training
• Training required by OSHA standards
• Emergency response training
• Accident investigation training
• Emergency drill training

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Summary of Section 5 - Implementing a Safety
Health Management System

• What are the four elements of a safety and health
  management system?
• What are some important factors in making your
  safety and health program successful?

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Office of Small Business Assistance

• Administers On-Site Consultation Program
• Serves as liaison within OSHA for small
  businesses
• Provides outreach and compliance assistance to
  small businesses

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On-Site Consultation Program

• Free, confidential advice to small and
  medium-sized businesses
• Priority to high-hazard worksites
• Separate from enforcement
• No penalties or citations
• Employers may qualify for a one-year exemption
  from routine inspections

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Other Cooperative Programs
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Compliance Assistance

• Compliance assistance resources
• Compliance Assistance Specialists (CASs)
• OSHA website

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Training

• OSHA Office of Training and Education
• OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

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Summary of Section 6 - Assistance to Small
Businesses

• What are some benefits of working with the
  On-Site Consultation program?
• How would you obtain information on resources
  available to small businesses?

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Review of Objectives

• Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace
  injuries and illnesses
• Identify basic employer and employee
  responsibilities and rights under OSHA
• Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and
  developed
• Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process
• Recognize the four elements of a safety and
  health management system
• Obtain information about compliance assistance

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Closing

• Any questions?
• Remember to turn in evaluation forms

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