Title: Respiratory Protection for the First Responder Community Through Research, Standards Development and
1- Respiratory Protection for the First Responder
Community Through Research, Standards Development
and Certification
Frank Palya Ninth Annual Technology for
Critical Incident Preparedness Conference and
Exposition 2007 Hosted by U.S. Departments of
Justice, Homeland Security and Defense November
7, 2007
2Topics of Presentation
- NIOSH-National Personal Protective Technology
Laboratory (NPPTL) Hierarchy and Mission - NIOSH Statutory/Regulatory Authority
- Certification
- Personal Protective Technology Standards and
Participation with other Standards Organizations - Standards Development through Research and
Implementation of new Technology - Whats Next?
3NPPTL Federal Agency Hierarchy
HHS
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health
NIOSH
NPPTL
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
4NIOSH
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies (DRDS)
- Division of Safety Research (DSR)
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD)
- Education and Information Division (EID)
- Division of Applied Research and Technology
(DART) - Division of Surveillance Hazard Evaluation and
Field Studies (DSHEFS) - Office of Compensation Analysis and Support
(OCAS) - Research to Practice (R2P)
- Spokane Research Laboratory
- Office of the Director, NIOSH
- Office of Extramural Programs
- Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL)
- National Personal Protective Technology
Laboratory (NPPTL) - Located In Pittsburgh, PA
- Established in July 2001
5NIOSH Personal Protective Technology (PPT) Vision
Mission
The VISION is to be the leading provider of
quality, relevant, and timely PPT research,
training, and evaluation. The MISSION of
the PPT program is to prevent work-related
injury, illness and death by advancing the state
of knowledge and application of personal
protective technologies (PPT).
-
- PPT in this context is defined as the
technical methods, processes, techniques, tools,
and materials that support the development and
use of personal protective equipment worn by
individuals to reduce the effects of their
exposure to a hazard.
6Statutory/Regulatory Authority for NIOSH to Issue
Respiratory Protective Device Approvals
- Authority for NIOSH to approve respiratory
protective devices is derived from the Federal
Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 -
Authority - Department of Labor Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR Parts 1910.
132-138 requires employers to provide respirators
certified by NIOSH under Title 42 Code of Federal
Regulation (CFR) Part 84 Respiratory Protective
Devices - Statutory/Regulatory - To date, all existing NIOSH Respiratory
Protective Device Standards for Protection
against CBRN hazards were developed by Policy -
Authority 42 CFR 84.63(c), 84.110 or 84.190 - Future Respirator Standards will be developed by
Informal Rulemaking (Changing the 42 CFR 84)
including future CBRN Standards
7Respirator Certification
- Respirator certification
- Application processing
- Respirator testing and QA Plan evaluation
- Post certification
- Product and site audits
- Respirator equipment evaluations
8Personal Protective Technology Standards
Participation
- Title 42 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 84
Respiratory Protective Devices (42 CFR Part
84)- Regulatory - NPPTL participation with other Standards
Developing Organizations (SDO) such as- Public
outreach - American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- International Standards Organization (ISO)
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
- American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM)
- Consensus Standards
- Created by SDOs
- Standards Setting Committees with balanced
representation - Users Labor Government
- Academia Subject Matter Experts
9CBRN Standards Development
- Workshops/Committee Meetings
- NIOSH-DOD-OSHA Chemical-Biological Respiratory
Workshop Report (March 1999) - Interagency Board (IAB) and DHS adoption of CBRN
Respirator Standards - Inter Agency Agreements (IAA) Cooperation among
NIST, RDECOM, OSHA, NIOSH, NFPA, and DHS - IAAs with NIST and DODs RDECOM
- Initial and continuing funding from
NIST-NIJ/NIST-DHS/CDC - Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) RDECOM support
for specific testing
10Research to Development of CBRN Standards
- Sequential Process
- Hazard analysis
- Protection determinations
- Human and environmental factors
- Standards concept paper
(Public Meetings) - Test requirements benchmarked
- Standard Test Procedure (STP) development,
testing, and methodology validation
11Hazards from a CBRN Terrorism Event
- Respiratory Hazards for First Responders (Law
Enforcement, Fire, EMT and others) / First
Receivers (Medical Community) were not well
defined - Potential Hazards include Chemical, Biological,
Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) materials - Chemicals include Toxic Industrial Chemical
(TICs) and Traditional Military Chemical Warfare
Agents (CWA) - Thousands of CBRN materials with different
toxicities, quantities and physical and chemical
properties that is a challenge for respiratory
protection mechanisms - Concentrations of the CBRN agent is not
characterized at the terrorist site - May lack detection equipment for characterization
- Toxicity data for CBRN agents are unknown
- There is no known carbon that can absorb/adsorp
every chemical
12Hazard Analysis and Selection
- A hazard analysis was performed that identified
the most likely CBRN agents and estimated
contaminant concentration profiles for likely
CBRN Terrorist venues with two CWA (GB and HD)
and several TICs. - In an effort to reduce the number of
certification tests necessary for the CBRN
standard, 139 respiratory hazards were
categorized into families. - Test representative agent(s) (TRA) required for
each family of agents. - Biological and radiological agents are addressed
as part of the particulate agent family and
requires P-100 media.
13Special CBRN Performance Requirements
- Note CBRN respirators meet advanced
performance, design and quality standards,
including special CBRN tests - Requirements for All CBRN Respirators
- Live agent tests (LAT)
- System testing against GB (Sarin) and HD
(distilled sulfur mustard) - Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
- Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using
human test subjects - Requirements for CBRN Air Purifying Respirators
- Canister gas life tests
- Address high physiological demand protection for
multiple respiratory hazards - 139 respiratory hazards were categorized into
families - 10 Chemical Test Representative Agents plus DOP
for particulate Testing - Human Factors
- Speech Intelligibility, Fogging, Field of View
14Technology Employed to test the CBRN LAT
Requirements
- Live Agent Testing (LAT)
- Respiratory systems are challenged with chemical
warfare agents, Sarin (GB) and Sulfur Mustard
(HD), using a Simulant Agent Resistant Test
Manikin (SMARTMAN) while functioning
15Technology Employed to test the LRPL Requirements
- Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
- Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using
human test subjects
16CBRN Respirator Standards
- CBRN Standards Completed by Policy
- Open Circuit SCBA January 2002
- Open Circuit SCBA Upgrades March 2003
- Air Purifying Respirator / Gas Mask March 2003
- Air Purifying Escape Respirator October 2003
- Self Contained Escape Respirator October 2003
- Powered Air Purifying Respirator October 2006
- CBRN Standards in Development Under Rulemaking
- Supplied Air Respirator
- Closed-Circuit SCBA
- Combination SCBA/PAPR or SCBA/APR
17Whats Next?
- Increase national inventory of respirators by
testing and evaluating CBRN respirators when
applications are submitted to NIOSH - Continue to increase capacity for testing (e.g.
LRPL, LAT) - Develop CBRN standards for supplied air
respirators, closed circuit SCBA and combination
units via rulemaking - Continue involvement with national and
international SDOs (NFPA, Canadian Standards,
BSI, ISO, etc.) - Develop CBRN guidance documents
- NIOSH-NPPTL is Participating with NIJ on the CBRN
Ensemble Standard Special Technical Committee to
address PPE needs of Law Enforcement - NPPTL will continue with PPT research related to
Respiratory Protection, Human Performance,
Sensors and Ensembles
18Quality Partnerships Enhance Worker Safety
Health
Visit Us at http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/defaul
t.html
Disclaimer The findings and conclusions in this
presentation have not been formally disseminated
by the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health and should not be construed to
represent any agency determination or policy.