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Respiratory Protection for the First Responder Community Through Research, Standards Development and

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NIOSH-National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) Hierarchy and Mission ... employers to provide respirators certified by NIOSH under Title 42 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Respiratory Protection for the First Responder Community Through Research, Standards Development and


1
  • Respiratory Protection for the First Responder
    Community Through Research, Standards Development
    and Certification

Frank Palya Ninth Annual Technology for
Critical Incident Preparedness Conference and
Exposition 2007 Hosted by U.S. Departments of
Justice, Homeland Security and Defense November
7, 2007
2
Topics of Presentation
  • NIOSH-National Personal Protective Technology
    Laboratory (NPPTL) Hierarchy and Mission
  • NIOSH Statutory/Regulatory Authority
  • Certification
  • Personal Protective Technology Standards and
    Participation with other Standards Organizations
  • Standards Development through Research and
    Implementation of new Technology
  • Whats Next?

3
NPPTL Federal Agency Hierarchy
HHS
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health
NIOSH
NPPTL
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
4
NIOSH
  • Division of Respiratory Disease Studies (DRDS)
  • Division of Safety Research (DSR)
  • Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD)
  • Education and Information Division (EID)
  • Division of Applied Research and Technology
    (DART)
  • Division of Surveillance Hazard Evaluation and
    Field Studies (DSHEFS)
  • Office of Compensation Analysis and Support
    (OCAS)
  • Research to Practice (R2P)
  • Spokane Research Laboratory
  • Office of the Director, NIOSH
  • Office of Extramural Programs
  • Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL)
  • National Personal Protective Technology
    Laboratory (NPPTL)
  • Located In Pittsburgh, PA
  • Established in July 2001

5
NIOSH Personal Protective Technology (PPT) Vision
Mission
The VISION is to be the leading provider of
quality, relevant, and timely PPT research,
training, and evaluation. The MISSION of
the PPT program is to prevent work-related
injury, illness and death by advancing the state
of knowledge and application of personal
protective technologies (PPT).
  • PPT in this context is defined as the
    technical methods, processes, techniques, tools,
    and materials that support the development and
    use of personal protective equipment worn by
    individuals to reduce the effects of their
    exposure to a hazard.

6
Statutory/Regulatory Authority for NIOSH to Issue
Respiratory Protective Device Approvals
  • Authority for NIOSH to approve respiratory
    protective devices is derived from the Federal
    Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and
    Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 -
    Authority
  • Department of Labor Occupational Safety and
    Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR Parts 1910.
    132-138 requires employers to provide respirators
    certified by NIOSH under Title 42 Code of Federal
    Regulation (CFR) Part 84 Respiratory Protective
    Devices - Statutory/Regulatory
  • To date, all existing NIOSH Respiratory
    Protective Device Standards for Protection
    against CBRN hazards were developed by Policy -
    Authority 42 CFR 84.63(c), 84.110 or 84.190
  • Future Respirator Standards will be developed by
    Informal Rulemaking (Changing the 42 CFR 84)
    including future CBRN Standards

7
Respirator Certification
  • Respirator certification
  • Application processing
  • Respirator testing and QA Plan evaluation
  • Post certification
  • Product and site audits
  • Respirator equipment evaluations

8
Personal Protective Technology Standards
Participation
  • Title 42 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 84
    Respiratory Protective Devices (42 CFR Part
    84)- Regulatory
  • NPPTL participation with other Standards
    Developing Organizations (SDO) such as- Public
    outreach
  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  • International Standards Organization (ISO)
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
  • American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM)
  • Consensus Standards
  • Created by SDOs
  • Standards Setting Committees with balanced
    representation
  • Users Labor Government
  • Academia Subject Matter Experts

9
CBRN Standards Development
  • Workshops/Committee Meetings
  • NIOSH-DOD-OSHA Chemical-Biological Respiratory
    Workshop Report (March 1999)
  • Interagency Board (IAB) and DHS adoption of CBRN
    Respirator Standards
  • Inter Agency Agreements (IAA) Cooperation among
    NIST, RDECOM, OSHA, NIOSH, NFPA, and DHS
  • IAAs with NIST and DODs RDECOM
  • Initial and continuing funding from
    NIST-NIJ/NIST-DHS/CDC
  • Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) RDECOM support
    for specific testing

10
Research to Development of CBRN Standards
  • Sequential Process
  • Hazard analysis
  • Protection determinations
  • Human and environmental factors
  • Standards concept paper
    (Public Meetings)
  • Test requirements benchmarked
  • Standard Test Procedure (STP) development,
    testing, and methodology validation

11
Hazards from a CBRN Terrorism Event
  • Respiratory Hazards for First Responders (Law
    Enforcement, Fire, EMT and others) / First
    Receivers (Medical Community) were not well
    defined
  • Potential Hazards include Chemical, Biological,
    Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) materials
  • Chemicals include Toxic Industrial Chemical
    (TICs) and Traditional Military Chemical Warfare
    Agents (CWA)
  • Thousands of CBRN materials with different
    toxicities, quantities and physical and chemical
    properties that is a challenge for respiratory
    protection mechanisms
  • Concentrations of the CBRN agent is not
    characterized at the terrorist site
  • May lack detection equipment for characterization
  • Toxicity data for CBRN agents are unknown
  • There is no known carbon that can absorb/adsorp
    every chemical

12
Hazard Analysis and Selection
  • A hazard analysis was performed that identified
    the most likely CBRN agents and estimated
    contaminant concentration profiles for likely
    CBRN Terrorist venues with two CWA (GB and HD)
    and several TICs.
  • In an effort to reduce the number of
    certification tests necessary for the CBRN
    standard, 139 respiratory hazards were
    categorized into families.
  • Test representative agent(s) (TRA) required for
    each family of agents.
  • Biological and radiological agents are addressed
    as part of the particulate agent family and
    requires P-100 media.

13
Special CBRN Performance Requirements
  • Note CBRN respirators meet advanced
    performance, design and quality standards,
    including special CBRN tests
  • Requirements for All CBRN Respirators
  • Live agent tests (LAT)
  • System testing against GB (Sarin) and HD
    (distilled sulfur mustard)
  • Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
  • Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using
    human test subjects
  • Requirements for CBRN Air Purifying Respirators
  • Canister gas life tests
  • Address high physiological demand protection for
    multiple respiratory hazards
  • 139 respiratory hazards were categorized into
    families
  • 10 Chemical Test Representative Agents plus DOP
    for particulate Testing
  • Human Factors
  • Speech Intelligibility, Fogging, Field of View

14
Technology Employed to test the CBRN LAT
Requirements
  • Live Agent Testing (LAT)
  • Respiratory systems are challenged with chemical
    warfare agents, Sarin (GB) and Sulfur Mustard
    (HD), using a Simulant Agent Resistant Test
    Manikin (SMARTMAN) while functioning

15
Technology Employed to test the LRPL Requirements
  • Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
  • Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using
    human test subjects

16
CBRN Respirator Standards
  • CBRN Standards Completed by Policy
  • Open Circuit SCBA January 2002
  • Open Circuit SCBA Upgrades March 2003
  • Air Purifying Respirator / Gas Mask March 2003
  • Air Purifying Escape Respirator October 2003
  • Self Contained Escape Respirator October 2003
  • Powered Air Purifying Respirator October 2006
  • CBRN Standards in Development Under Rulemaking
  • Supplied Air Respirator
  • Closed-Circuit SCBA
  • Combination SCBA/PAPR or SCBA/APR

17
Whats Next?
  • Increase national inventory of respirators by
    testing and evaluating CBRN respirators when
    applications are submitted to NIOSH
  • Continue to increase capacity for testing (e.g.
    LRPL, LAT)
  • Develop CBRN standards for supplied air
    respirators, closed circuit SCBA and combination
    units via rulemaking
  • Continue involvement with national and
    international SDOs (NFPA, Canadian Standards,
    BSI, ISO, etc.)
  • Develop CBRN guidance documents
  • NIOSH-NPPTL is Participating with NIJ on the CBRN
    Ensemble Standard Special Technical Committee to
    address PPE needs of Law Enforcement
  • NPPTL will continue with PPT research related to
    Respiratory Protection, Human Performance,
    Sensors and Ensembles

18
Quality Partnerships Enhance Worker Safety
Health
Visit Us at http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/defaul
t.html
Disclaimer The findings and conclusions in this
presentation have not been formally disseminated
by the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health and should not be construed to
represent any agency determination or policy.
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