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Anatomy and Physiology I

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Three Basic Shapes. Squamous like scales, or pancakes ('being squashed like a pancake' ... Cutaneous body surface; protection (skin) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Anatomy and Physiology I


1
Anatomy and Physiology I
  • Tissue Types

2
Key Terms
  • Histology
  • the study of tissues.
  • Tissues
  • Simply groups of similar cells that work together
    performing the same task
  • Greatest form of teamwork in the body

3
Where are tissues found?
  • With few exceptions, organs are composed of
    four basic tissue types
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Muscular Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue

4
Why Study Histology?
Knowing the difference between normal and
abnormal tissue is the first step in diagnosis
and treatment of patients.
5
Skin, our largest organ
6
Epithelial Tissue
  • Makes up 3 of your body weight
  • They dont move
  • They dont send messages
  • Their cells are all touching one another
  • Of all tissues, they are the most widely varied
    in structure and function

7
Locations of Epithelial Tissues
  • Covers the body (epidermis)
  • Found on the inside of hollow organs and the
    outside of all organs
  • Found above a connective tissue layer (epi
    above)
  • Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts, and blood
    vessels inside the body

8
Epithelial Anatomy
  • Apical surface upper surface that is free or
    exposed to the exterior
  • Basal surface attached surface (below)
  • Microvilli small fingerlike extensions that
    increase the surface area allowing for more work
    to be done

9
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
  • Protects from physical chemical injury
  • Protects against microbial infection
  • Contains receptors which respond to stimuli
  • Filters, secretes reabsorbs materials
  • Secretes fluids to lubricate joints

10
Three Basic Shapes
  • Squamous like scales, or pancakes (being
    squashed like a pancake)
  • Cuboidal looks like cubes
  • Columnar longer and look like columns

11
Cell Organization
  • Simple single layer of cells typically found
    where absorption and filtration occur or a single
    layer of epithelial is needed
  • simple squamous
  • simple cuboidal
  • simple columnar
  • Stratified layers of cells common in areas
    where protection is needed like the skin
  • stratified squamous
  • stratified cuboidal
  • stratified columnar

12
Two Types of Stratified Columnar
  • Ciliated
  • Unciliated

cilia
No cilia
13
Squamous Epithelium
  • Simple one cell thick
  • Forms solid layer of cells which line blood
    vessels, body cavities and covers organs in body
    cavities
  • Stratified multiple layers
  • Forms epidermis

14
Cuboidal Epithelium
Cuboid Cells
  • Simple one cell thick
  • Roughly cube shaped
  • Line ducts in kidneys where reabsorption and
    secretory activities take place.

Cuboid Cells
15
Columnar Epithelium
  • Simple one cell thick
  • Column shaped (long and narrow)
  • Lines digestive tract where reabsorption
    secretion occurs.

16
Confusing Epithelial Tissue
  • Transitional Epithelium stratified tissue that
    cant make up its mind as to whether it is
    squamous or cuboidal

17
Confusing Epithelial Tissue Continued
  • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
  • Looks like it has more than one layer because of
    the position of the nucleus
  • Nuclei are positioned at differing levels
  • Cells narrow in the area without the nucleus

18
Epithelial Tissue in Review
19
Types of Epithelial Membranes
  • Mucous lining of tubes moistens and protects
    from enzymes (stomach, trachea, and vagina)
  • Serous outside of organs lubricates
    (all thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs)
  • Cutaneous body surface protection (skin)
  • Synovial synovial joints lines and protects
    synoival cavity (elbow, knee, hip, etc.)
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