Title: Elementary School Physical Education
1Elementary School Physical Education
2Elementary School Physical Education
Defined
- Physical education is that part ofgeneral
education that contributes to the total
growthand developmentof each child primarily
throughmovementexperiences.
3Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education
- Through the body
- Of the body
- About the body and its relationship to
exercise
4Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education
- Through the body cognitive affective and
psychomotor goals are achieved using movement as
the media of learning
5Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education
- Of the body learning to move skillfully and
developing desirable levels of skill and health
related fitness
6Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education
- About the body and its relationship to
exercise learning principles of
movement how to exercise properly
how to get and stay fit
7Elementary School Physical Education
Redefined
- Physical education is that part of general
education that contributes to the total growth
and developmentof each child primarily through
movement experiences. It is education of the
child through the body of the body and about
the body and its relationship to exercise.
8Objectives of Physical Education
- Unique
- Motor skills and movement competence
- Understanding human movement principles
- Lifetime Activity skills
- Shared
- Personal health wellness skills
- Positive social skills
9Domains of Learning in PE
- Cognitive Domain knowledge
- Affective Domain - values attitudes
- Psychomotor Domain - motor skills movement
competence activity and sports skills (Skill-
Related Fitness) - Health-Related Fitness Domain - cardiovascular
fitness flexibility body composition muscular
strength and endurance
10WHAT PHYS. ED. ...AiNt!!
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton
- R E C E S S
- R E C R E A T I O N
- P H Y S I C A L F I T N E S S
- A T H L E T I C S
11What Phys. Ed. Is!
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton
- An integral part of the learning process
- Focused on personalized growth and success
- Striving to enhance through instructional giving
- Productive efficient harmonious living!!!
12Elementary School Physical Education
13Physical Education
Taught By
- Specialists
- scheduled visits once a week / every two weeks
- Classroom Teachers
- responsible for daily physical education
14North Carolina Elementary Physical Education
Recommendations
Physical Education is
- In the Basic Education Plan (BEP)
- In the Healthful Living Standard Course of Study
- Required to the same extent as other subjects
- NC does not mandate any specific time for any SCS
subject in grades K-8 - it is a local decision.
15North Carolina Elementary Physical Education
Recommendations
- 150 minutes per week 30 minutes/day
- Maximum daily - minimum 3 days/week
- May be taught by specialist or classroom teacher
- NC recommends specialists teach minimum of once a
week - Routinely count recess and free play as PE
- Some schools have eliminated PE from the
curriculum DESPITE state requirements
16North Carolina Physical Education Problems
- Routinely count recess and free play as PE
- Some schools have eliminated PE from the
curriculum DESPITE state requirements - Some schools allow substitutions for PE (i.e.
Marching Band ROTC)
17North CarolinaState Board of EducationHealthy
Active Children Policy
http//sbepolicy.dpi.state.nc.us/policies/HSP-S-00
0.asppri01catSpol000acrHSP
18Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation
- School Health Advisory Council
- to help plan implement and monitor this policy
- composed of community and school representatives
from the eight areas of a coordinated school
health program representatives and from the local
health department and school administration
19Coordinated School Health Programs
- safe environment
- physical education
- health education
- staff wellness
- health services
- mental and social health
- nutrition services
- parental/family involvement
20Healthy Active Children Policy
Coordinated School Health Programs
- Department of Public Instruction
- shall notify each school district of the
availability of professional development
opportunities and provide technical assistance in
implementing coordinated school health programs
at the local level
21Healthy Active Children Policy
- To address issues such as overweight obesity
cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes - Requires students enrolled in PK-8to participate
in physical activityas part of the physical
education curriculum
22Healthy Active Children Policy
- Elementary schools should consider the benefits
of having 150 minutes per week and middle schools
should consider having 225 minutes per week of
physical activity including a minimum of every
other day of physical education throughout the
school year.
23Healthy Active Children Policy
Physical Education Course
- Shall be the environment in which students
learn practice and are assessed on
developmentally appropriate motor skills
social skills and knowledge as defined in the
North Carolina Healthful Living Standard Course
of Study
24Healthy Active Children Policy
- PE classes should be the same size as other
classes
25Healthy Active Children Policy
Recess
- Structured recess and other physical activity
shall not be taken away as a form of punishment
26Healthy Active Children Policy
Physical Activity
- Must involve physical exertion of at least a
moderate intensity level and for a duration
sufficient to provide a significant health
benefit to students
27Healthy Active Children Policy
Recess and Physical Activity
- Appropriate amounts of recess and physical
activity shall be provided for students
28Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation
- Develop an action plan
- Identify steps to fully implement the policy by
the 2006-2007 school year - Including a review and appropriate modifications
of existing physical education and health
curricula
29Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation
- Action plans submitted to the DPI by July 15
2004 - Progress reports submitted to the DPI by July
15 2005 and 2006 - Beginning July 15 2007 an annual report
- Include the minutes of physical education and
physical activity received by students in each
school
30Elementary School Physical Education
31Evolution of Elementary PE
Historical Factors
- Several events shaped the development of todays
PE programs - Public needs and concerns shape the direction of
American Education
32Evolution of Elementary PE
German and Swiss Influence
- Middle of 1800s
- Brought their programs to US with them
- Gymnastics games and calisthenics
- First scheduled PE programs established
33Evolution of Elementary PE
World War I
- One-third of recruits were unfit to serve
- Training of soldiers focused on games and sports
- More effective than calisthenics
- Emphasis on PE spread to schools
- Games and sports programs
34Evolution of Elementary PE
John Dewey and Cardinal Aims of Education
- Two of aims focused on PE
- Health
- Worthy use of leisure time
- Schools mold social change
- Learning is doing
35Evolution of Elementary PE
The Depression Era
- Focus on sports and games
- Little attention to quality
- Elementary PE modeled after secondary PE
programs - When times got tough
- Equipment hard to get
- PE seemed unimportant or eliminated
36Evolution of Elementary PE
World War II
- Research showed efficacy of physical activity on
health - Little effect on school PE programs
37Evolution of Elementary PE
Kraus-Webber Test (1954)
- Compared US children to European children on
strength and flexibility - The Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and
Sports was one result - Todays Physical Fitness Tests
- The Presidents Challenge
- FitnessGram/Physical Best
38Evolution of Elementary PE
Movement Education
- Originated in England
- An exploratory problem solving approach to PE
- Tendency to apply it to all phases of PE
- It is a viable method but not the only approach
39Evolution of Elementary PE
Perceptual Motor Programs
- Grew out of concern for slow learners
- Developmental delays responsible for poor
academic performance - Training senses through movement
- Posture balance imaging body part
recognition time space
40Evolution of Elementary PE
Perceptual Motor Programs
- Perceptual motor programs were ineffective in
improving academic performance - Legacy is integration of perceptual-motor
principles in learning motor skills - Both sides of body balance skills
41Evolution of Elementary PE
Conceptual Learning
- In the process of movement children learn
concepts - Light/Heavy Fast/Slow High/Low
- NASPEs Basic Stuff series
- Compilation of knowledge in PE sub-disciplines
- Integration into the PE curriculum
42Evolution of Elementary PE
Values and Attitude Development
- Receiving more attention in the schools
- Moral education Substance abuse AIDS awareness
- Controversy surrounds such issues
43Evolution of Elementary PE
Title IXEducational Amendments Act of 1972
- Equal educational opportunity to both sexes
- Huge impact on PE in secondary schools
- Co-ed PE classes mandated
- Lesser impact on elementary PE
- Lessened gender stereotyping
44Evolution of Elementary PE
Equal Rights for Disabled
- PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children
Act of 1973 - IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
of 1990 - Free public appropriate education
- Least restrictive environment
- Individual Education Program
- There are problems/challenges involved
45Evolution of Elementary PE
Health and Wellness
- Todays PE teachers teach more than just fitness
games and skills - Wellness is a total state of well-being
- Teach concepts related to
- Fitness for life movement mechanics etc
46Evolution of Elementary PE
Back to Basics Schools
- A Nation at Risk (1983)
- Did not mention PE
- Return to the 3 Rs
- Drop PE and the arts from the curriculum
- Started the accountability trend
- Emphasis on testing
47Evolution ofElementary PE
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence
- The fitness emphasis in schools started by
Kraus-Weber declined in 1970s and early 1980s - While school programs declined we learned more
about benefits of physical activity - Fitness Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s left
lots of people out
48Evolution ofElementary PE
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence
- Schools and school children were left out of the
fitness boom
49Who Benefited Most
Is there a socioeconomic link
- Whites more than Asians Hispanics blacks
- College grads more than high school grads
- Men more than women
- Rich more than poor
- Young and middle age adults more than elderly
children youths and teens
50A Series of National Reports
51Physical Activity Becomes a National Health
Priority
52Healthy People 2000
- In 1990 the Department of Health and Human
Services released Healthy People 2000 National
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Objectives a strategy for improving the health
of Americans by the end of the century. - www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hp2000/hp2000.htm
53Surgeon Generals Report
- Physical Activity and Health A Report of the
Surgeon General - 1996
- www.fitness.gov/execsum.htm
- www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/sgr.htm
54Healthy People 2010
- In January 2000 the Department of Health and
Human Services launched Healthy People 2010 a
comprehensive nationwide health promotion and
disease prevention agenda. - www.healthypeople.gov/
- www.healthypeople.gov/document/HTML/Volume2/22Phys
ical.htm
55A Report to the President
- Promoting Better Health for Young People Through
Physical Activity and Sports A Report to the
President from the Secretary of Health and Human
Services and the Secretary of Education - November 2000
- www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/physicalactivity/promotin
g_health/introduction.htm
56Surgeon Generals Call To Action
- The Surgeon Generals Call To Action To Prevent
and Decrease Overweight and Obesity - January 2001
- www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/default.htm
57Whats Happening Now
Where are we going
58Whats Happening Now
Good Things... and Bad Things
59Leadership is Needed
60Organizations Affecting HPE
- AAHPERD
- American Alliance for Health Physical Education
Recreation and Dance - Alliance of 6 national associations
- 6 districts state alliances
- Southern District AHPERD
61Organizations Affecting HPE
- NCAAHPERD
- North Carolina Alliance for Athletics Health
Physical Education Recreation and Dance
62Organizations Affecting HPE
- NASPE
- National Association for Sport and Physical
Education - an AAHPERD association
63Organizations Affecting HPE
- COPEC
- Council on Physical Education for Children
- a NASPE council
64Organizations Affecting HPE
- AAHE
- American Association for Health Education
- an AAHPERD association
65Organizations Affecting HPE
- American Heart Association
- Jump Rope for Heart Hoops for Heart
- PE4Life
- www.pe4life.com
66Organizations Affecting HPE
- American Academy of Pediatrics
- Strong supporters of physical education for
children - Published a number of policy statements
supporting quality physical education programs in
schools - Health-Related Fitness programs over traditional
team sports programs
67Elementary School Physical Education
The End
68Elementary School Physical Education
To be Continued...
