Ask me what it was like to have grown up a Mexican kid in Sacramento and I will think of my father's

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• Ask me what it was like to have grown up a
  Mexican kid in Sacramento and I will think of my
  father's smile, its sweetness, its introspection,
  its weight of sobriety. Mexico was most
  powerfully my father's smile and not, as you
  might otherwise imagine, not language, not
  pigment.
• Richard Rodriguez
• /

ethnicstudieshttp//www.usc.edu/isd/archives/ethn
icstudies/
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Today

• Global inequality
• Race and Ethnic relations
• video True Colors
• Hypotheses and Questionnaire due asap (latest
  Wed. Feb. 16th)

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Pop Quiz

• 1. In order to get their group out into the
  field collecting survey data and to help their
  Recitation Leaders grade their Hypotheses and
  Questionnaire effectively (and to have a
  pleasant Valentines Day), Sociology 101 students
  should
• a. turn in carefully written and thoroughly
  edited and pre-tested Hypotheses and
  Questionnaires which will be a pleasure to read
  and write comments on.
• b. turn in a last minute attempt to develop
  Hypotheses and a Questionnaire which are
  difficult to read, make sense of, or comment on
  usefully.

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Review (who knew?)

• Social Stratification
• Class (economic)
• Status (respect,
• deference)
• Power (whose needs
• get 1st priority?)

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• POWER The capacity to CONTROL EVENTS and
  influence the behavior of others.
• Marx power based on class
• Weber power also based on status groups

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• Summary People have different start points in
  pursuing the good life.
• 1. Flt---S
  The
• 2. S -------------gt F
  Good
• 3. S
  ---gt F Life
• 4. S-----gt F
• 5. Flt-----S

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Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States,
1500-2100 (Projected)
Source Richard T. Schaefer. 2002. Sociology A
Brief Introduction, 4th ed. New York
McGraw-Hill, Figure 9-1, p. 226. From authors
estimate, Bureau of the Census sources and
Russell Thornton. 1987. American Indian
Holocaust and Survival A Population History
Since 1942. Norman University of Oklahoma Press.
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Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth
Selected Years, 1850 to 1997
Source Census Bureau. 1999. Profile of the
Foreign-Born Population in the United States
1997. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing
Office, p. 11.
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Race and Ethnic Relations

• Not reducible to class inequality
• Yet has economic implications

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Video True Colors

• 1) What subtle forms do prejudice and
  discrimination take?
• 2) How do these prejudices apply to other forms
  of stratification, such as class and religion?
• 3) How overcome prejudice and discrimination?

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• What subtle forms?
• Apply to class, religion, etc.?
• How end the cycle?

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• Race ethnic cleavages
• observable PHYSICAL or CULTURAL DIFFERENCES from
  dominant group
• negative evaluation and PREJUDICE can follow
  (based on ethnocentrism)
• DISCRIMINATION follows via abuse of unequal
  power
• IDEOLOGY follows to legitimate inequality
• OPPRESSION used when necessary to support system

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Dysfunctions of Racism

• Inefficiency (wastes talent)
• Inconsistent with American values
• Generates conflict in society

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SIX RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS
1) AMALGAMATION

• Two or more groups merge to become a new ethnic
  or cultural group
• A B C D
• 1800 and 1900 European immigrants to U.S. became
  Americans
• U.S. today with Hispanic and Asian immigration?

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• 2) ASSIMILATION
• become like dominant group
• common in U.S.
• Brazil, Argentina
• 3) PLURALISM (mosaic, tapestry)
• distinct group identity and culture remains
• some immigrant groups
• Switzerland (French,
• German, Italian, Romansh)

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• 4) LEGAL PROTECTION OF MINORITIES
• minority group enjoys protection of government,
  in spite of some hostility
• U.S. / India
• European Union requires this for entry

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• 5) CONTINUED SUBJUGATION
• minority group legally restricted
• U.S. until 1960s
• South Africa until 1990s
• legal versions infrequent today, yet remains
  defacto in schools and neighborhoods

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6) POPULATION TRANSFER and GENOCIDE

• remove minorities altogether
• American Indians
• South African homelands
• Uganda
• back to Africa movement
• ethnic cleansing in Kosovo
• Palestinians in Israel

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• EXTERMINATION (genocide)
• English in America
• English in Tasmania
• Dutch colonizers of South Africa
• Hitler against Jews and Gypsies
• Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda

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• U.S. history includes all six forms
• amalgamation
• assimilation
• pluralism
• legal protection
• continued subjugation
• pop. transfer genocide

Race and ethnic relations continue to be
important throughout the world
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Between Two Worlds

• How can cultural differences create distrust?
• What can we do as individuals or as a society to
  increase trust?

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• differences gt distrust

• How create trust?

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• PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
• PREJUDICE negative ATTITUDE toward members of
  another group
• starts with ethnocentrism
• uses stereotypes assumes a fixed (negative) set
  of characteristics for all group members
• scapegoating blaming group for social problems

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• DISCRIMINATION negative ACTION against other
  people on basis of group membership
• add power (or fear) to prejudice and you get
  discrimination
• Prejudice and discrimination become a
  self-perpetuating cycle.

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• RACE VS. ETHNICITY
• RACE some observable physical difference
  between groups.
• ETHNICITY shared cultural traits
• national origin and culture
• religion
• KEY Do people see themselves (and are seen by
  others) as a distinct ethnic group?
• Q How many identify as a member of a race or
  ethnic group?

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• Even though biological differences exist, what we
  make of race is a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
• There is a CONTINUUM of skin colors and physical
  characteristics
• Distinct groups are almost meaningless
  (Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid)
• Thousands of distinct races could be identified
  (or none)
• How we group these is a social decision

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• What are
• people of India?
• Polynesians?
• Slavs?
• People of western Asia?

Chinese in South Africa were colored but
Japanese were white.
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• What we MAKE of these differences differences
  reflects SOCIAL RELATIONS between the groups,
  not biological differences.
• The three great races derive from geographic
  circumstance of continents, not biological
  groupings.

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Solutions?

• contact (busing?)
• equal rights (shared school funding?)
• affirmative action?

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Synthesis

• Race/ethnic relations are highly variable
• Peace and mutual respect are functional for
  society
• Will world population flows end negative race and
  ethnic relations?

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Thanks for feedback

• discuss videos in recitation if not lecture
• provide overview at end as well review
• provide outlines (www?)
• class needs to be more quiet
• These 4 will nudge us toward a better learning
  environment.

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• We really are many countries, and it's really
  remarkable that each of us thinks we represent
  the real America. The Midwesterner in Kansas,
  the black American in Durham--both are certain
  they are the real American.
• Maya Angelou
• America is not a blanket woven from one thread,
  one color, one cloth.
• Jesse Jackson