When Should IPM be Implemented?

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When Should IPM be Implemented?
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Sampling Intention

• Absolute Numbers
• Relative Numbers

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Sampling Methods

• -Sampling from air

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Sampling Methods

• Sampling from vegetation

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Sampling Methods

• Sampling from soil and litter

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Extracting Samples FromThe Soil or from Leaf
Litter
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Mark and Recapture

• Lincoln Index
• Pan/r
• P Total population size
• a Individuals marked and released
• n Total individuals taken in recapture sample
• r Marked individuals recaptured

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Sampling Methods

• Visual searches

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Sampling Methods

• Sweep-net catch

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Sampling Methods

• Shaking and beating

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Sampling Methods

• D-vac

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Sampling Methods

• Malaise traps

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Sampling Methods

• Windowpane traps

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Sampling Methods

• Sticky traps

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Sampling Methods

• Pitfall traps

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Sampling Methods

• Visual traps

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Sampling Methods

• Traps using attractants

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Sampling Methods

• Insect Products

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Sampling Methods

• Plant Damage
• Direct pests
• Indirect pest

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Direct Pests

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Indirect Pests
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Measuring leaf damage
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• Decision-making sampling
• Parameter-estimation

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Clumped
Uniform
Random
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When to Apply a Control Action?
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