QoS Research in MONET Group

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QoS Research in MONET Group

• Klara Nahrstedt
• klara_at_cs.uiuc.edu
• http//cairo.cs.uiuc.edu
• Multimedia Operating and Network System Group
  (MONET)

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Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing Environment

• Shared Networks, Servers and Clients
• Intelligence Devices
• QoS Requirements

Smart Devices Attached to Network
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Problem Statement

• Application Domain Multimedia applications such
  as Distributed Visual Tracking and Video on
  Demand
• Application Requirements Application Quality of
  Service (QoS) such as tracking precision, desired
  frame rate, bounded end-to-end delay, minimal
  loss rate of APDUs, minimal jitter and sync skew
  between APDUs
• Goal Support End-to-end application QoS over
  shared resources

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Research Approach

• Exploration of Different Approaches
• Adaptation-based Approach
• no support of QoS in networks or in OS
• development of adaptive middleware
• development of cross-layer adaptation
• Reservation-based Approach
• support of QoS in networks and through OS
  extension
• development of QoS-aware resource management
• Hybrid Approach
• support of QoS through QoS compilation and
  service composition for minimal end-to-end QoS
  setup
• support of run-time adaptive techniques

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QoS Research Projects

• Adaptive Application Control
• Omni-directional camera control
• Distributed visual tracking
• Mobile Applications
• Focus-oriented applications
• MiddlewareCommunication
• Adaptive middleware with adaptive and fuzzy
  control approach
• Adaptive comm. Framework
• QoS compilation and service composition
• Service level routing
• QoS and Security
• Quality of Protection Mgt

• QoS in resource management
• Dynamic Soft Real-Time (DSRT) CPU management
• Adaptive Cross-layer Design of Mobile Systems
• QoS-aware resource mgt within 2K system and Gaia
  system
• Service Management within Gaia system 2kQ
• QoS in networks
• QoS routing (distributed, hierarchical, source,
  multicast)
• QoS mappings and signaling at edge devices
• QoS management in MANET
• Configurability management

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Distributed Omni-directional Visual Tracking
System

• Omni-directional Camera

Gateway
Tracking Client
Moving Object
Shared Fast Ethernet
Camera Server
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Distributed Visual Tracking
Line Tracker
SSD Tracker
Corner Tracker
Tracked Moving Object
Development Environment Windows NT 4.0, ORBacus
3.1.3 as CORBA platform, Sun Java 2, Visual C
6.0 for Distributed Visual Tracking Tracking
Algorithms from Xvision Project (G. Hager/Yale
University)
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Visual Tracking Application

• Multiple Tracking Capabilities
• Visual tracking
• Camera tracking/movement (right/left)
• Camera switching
• Trade-offs between Application QoS
• flexible application
• one important QoS - tracking precision
• other QoS can be degraded (f. size, f. rate,..)

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Adaptive Middleware
App1
App2
App1
App2
App T3
App T1
App T2
App T3
App T1
App T2
Configurator/App1
Configurator/App1
Configurator/App2
Configurator/App2
Negotiator
Middleware
Middleware
Negotiator
Adapt/Observe for CPU
Adapt/Observe for Net
Adapt/Observe for CPU
Adapt/Observe for Net
OS and Resource Management

OS and Resource Management

Transport Protocols
Transport Protocols

• Server Site

Client Site
Data Transfer
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Application/System Interface

• Probing and profiling services for establishment
  of configuration profiles needed in the adaptive
  control framework (CPU probing, network probing,
  application probing)
• Benchmarking service for establishing relations
  between application QoS and system QoS
• Integration of adaptive control and fuzzy control
  frameworks as foundation of middleware adaptation
• Application-aware communication framework driven
  by system QoS

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2K/Gaia/Smart Rooms with QoS
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Gaia Multimedia Support

• QoS-Aware Programming Environment (Q-Compiler)
• Run-Time Services
• Focus-Aware Video-on-Demand System
• Mobile Media with Quality of Protection
• Software Real-Time Information Embedding into
• HDTV Streams
• QoS Management Services
• Dynamic Soft Real-Time Scheduler (DSRT)
• Resource Monitoring Service
• Peer-to-Peer Systems

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Gaia Multimedia Support

• Run-Time Services
• Focus-Aware Video-On-Demand System
• Mobile Media with Quality of Protection
• Software Real-Time Information Embedding
• into HDTV Streams

development
QoS-Aware Programming Environment (Q-Compiler)

• QoS Management Services
• Dynamic Soft Real-Time Scheduler (DSRT)
• Resource Monitoring Service

deployment
Peer-to-Peer Systems
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Multimedia Support in Gaia Architecture
Applications
Application Framework
Context File System
Context Service
Component Repository
Presence Service
Space Repository
Component Management Core
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QoS-Aware Programming Environment (Metadata QoS
Compilation)
Gaia Services
QoS Specifications
DSRT Server
Environment-Independent and Environment-Dependent
Compilations
Component Resource Probing
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Pre-Defined Metadata Compilation

• Common and Actual Ontology Translation,
• Two Common Ontology Translation,
• Intermediate Representation Translation

(4) Component Resource Translation
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Focus-Aware Video-on-Demand System
Focused VoD Client With Higher Quality
VoD Client With Lower Quality
Remote Control via Handheld Device
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Mobile Media with Quality of Protection
Mobile Video and Audio Between PC and
Handheld device
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Software Real-time Information Embedding into
HDTV Streams
Stars1.mpg
Down-scaled football game
Bin Yu
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QoS-aware Resource Management

• QoS-aware CPU Management (DSRT)
• CPU broker, CPU classes, smart probing
• QoS-aware Memory Management
• memory broker to allow pin memory
• QoS-aware Communication Management
• comm. broker for access of net. reservation
• QoS Proxy
• coordination of resource brokers, QoS translation
• IntermProxy
• media scaling, media transcoding
• Adaptive Cross-layer Design of Mobile OS

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DSRT QoS Provision via Reservation
No QoS guarantee, best-effort
QoS guarantee w/ reservation
Resource contention
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QoS-aware CPU Management
Execution Phase
Probing Phase
Reservation Phase
Scheduling
Probe
Admission Control
Extract Reservation
Monitor/ Conformance Test
Contract
Processor Binding
Adaptation
SRT Process
Adjusted Contract
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Application/System Interface CPU Service Classes
Service Classes
Specification Parameters
Guaranteed
PCPT (Periodic Constant Processing Time)
P Period PPT Peak Processing Time
PPT
SPT
PVPT (Periodic Variable Processing Time)
P Period SPT Sustainable Processing Time PPT
Peak Processing Time BT Burst Tolerance
ACPU (Aperiodic Constant Processing Utilization)
PPU
PPU Peak Processing Utilization
Relative Deadline PPT Peak Processing Time
Event
PPT
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Smart Probing for Reservation Control

• Goal Extract a reservation.
• Determine the most suitable Service Class
• Need
• Processor usage is hardware dependent.
• Processor usage is input dependent.

Estimate a Reservation
Processor Usage
Conformance Test ?
Iteration Number
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Experimental Result
SRT2 MPEG player with P50ms.
SRT1 MPEG player With P100ms
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Distributed Resource Monitoring Service
Server
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Distributed Resource Monitoring Service
Client
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Peer-to-Peer Systems

• Peers communicate DIRECTLY
• Peers act as both CLIENTS and SERVERS
• NO CENTRALIZED structure
• Research QoS-aware Service Composition and
  Service Routing

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QoS in Networks

• QoS Routing services and protocols
• Hierarchical network scheduling supporting hard
  QoS, soft QoS and best effort flows
• Differentiated Routing
• QoS in BGP Protocol
• QoS Translation and signaling protocols in edge
  device design for heterogeneous networks
• Adaptive Cross-layer Design of MANET Protocols

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QoS Routing in Internet

• Ticket-based Routing
• Distributed Routing with Imprecise Information
• QoS-based Multicast Routing
• QoS-based Traffic Aggregation in Hierarchical
  Routing
• Hierarchical Network Scheduling (hard QoS flows,
  soft QoS flows, BE flows)
• Differentiated Routing
• QoS in BGP Protocol

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Simulation Results
Imprecision Rate 50
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Edge Device Design

• QoS Mappings between RSVP/IntServ and underlying
  data link networks (CBR/ATM, rt-VBR/ATM,
  rt-ABR/ATM, cable)
• End-to-end Signaling Protocols (different
  signaling directions, RSVP/receiver-initiated,
  ATM/sender-initiated, cable/asymmetric)

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Cross-Layer Design in MANET
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Multimedia Security

• Real-time Video and Audio Watermarking in VOD
  multicast systems
• Ownership and Customer Protection
• Real-time Encryption
• Collusion Issues and Key Distribution in VOD
  multicast systems

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Summary

• Research in end-to-end QoS for wired and wireless
  networks
• Investigation of high-end and low-end multimedia
  applications
• Research of QoS in distributed systems
  (middleware), OS, and networks
• Broader consideration of QoS performance,
  Quality of Protection, and availability
• Starting to consider fault-tolerance and their
  coexistence gt moving towards trust