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Title: PACIFIC REGIONAL MULTISTAKEHOLDER


1
PACIFIC REGIONAL MULTISTAKEHOLDER MEETING Steerin
g Towards National Sustainable Development
Strategies 4-8 August 2003, Hotel Kitano
Tusitala Apia
2
Presentation Contents
  • From National Assessment Reports to National
    Sustainable Development Strategies.
  • Implementation Mechanisms.
  • Exploring Integration

3
Genuine development means the construction by a
human society of its own history, its own
destiny, its own universe of meanings. The
special challenge facing developing societies is
that they are obliged to work out their destiny
in conditions which subject them to the many
destructive influences operating under the
banners of modernisation, sustainable
development or progress. D. Goulet, 1987. BPOA
/ Sustainable Development Means for better
IMPLEMENTATION the crux of this weeks intended
outcome.
4
Some Fodder for Chewing Over!!
  • Doomsday Yesterday.But we have done a lot!!!
  • How long has it taken Developed Countries???
  • Wise progress towards integration needs to
    suit nurtured capacity development at the
    National, sub-national and Community level.
    Stepped processes allow recipients to experience
    the shocks benefits.
  • Processes toward Sustainable Development
  • Adequacy of Data Information, as well as
    Application Mechanisms
  • SD Good Governance Land/Resource access
  • Equity of Opportunity
  • Equity of Distribution
  • SD Implementation Integration
  • Information
  • Participation
  • Consultation ? Participation ? Partnerships
    Youth Women!!
  • Means of Implementation?? Setting targets! Is it
    enough?

5
From National Assessment Reports to National
Sustainable Development Strategies
6
BPOA, 1994
  sustainable development is a process and not
a phenomenon.. The BPOA contains a synopsis of
actions and policies that should be implemented
over the short, medium and long terms.   The
BPOA presents a basis for action in 14 agreed
priority areas and defines a number of actions
and policies related to environmental and
development planning that should be undertaken by
SIDS with the cooperation and assistance of the
international community. Is the inference
that SIDS have suited environmental and
development planning systems, that set up the
PROCESSES for better integration of the actions
and policies for Sustainable Development???? Pla
nning Systems infer processes for coordinating
enhancing Information, Vertical and Horizontal
Linkages in Governance, mechanisms for
Participation, user pays systems, assessment
evaluation mechanisms, integrated laws etc
7
NAR Augmentation the benefits for BPOA10
beyond!
  • The intention to assist the augmentation of NARs
    towards
  • as valuable platforms for input to BPOA10
    (Inter-regional, Regional Assessment, Final IM
    Plan of Implementation
  • to identify priorities for improvement to and
    implementation of the Pacific Umbrella
    Initiatives
  • to develop national based Initiatives
  • to provide the basis for the further development
    of indicators for sustainable development
    (inclusive of MDGs)
  •   As essential elements for strengthened planning
    systems at the national level, including
    resource use planning, assessments and
    integrated reporting efforts
  • As an essential first step in the generation of
    National Sustainable Development Strategies
    (NSDSs) or,
  • The vehicles for the inclusion of SD Principles
    in National
  • Development Plans

8
Compartments of UNSIDS Template
WSSD REPORTING PARTS 1-3 -SOCIO-ECON -FRAMEWORKS
-PROGRESS PROBLEMS
X-SECTORS PARTS 4 -TRADE? -FINANCE
INVESETMENT -INSTIT CAPACITY COORD -REGIONAL
COOP -HRD
MDGS -POVERTY -EDUC CHILD -GENDER -EMPOWERMENT
-HEALTH -ENV SUSTAINABILITY -GLOBAL PARTNs
GAPS WIDER SCOPING Est GOALS
ANALYSIS COMMON THREADS
REVIEW INITIAL EVALUATION
EMERGING SPECIAL NEEDS -PRIORTIES -ACTIONS -T
ARGETS -INITIATIVES -KEY MESSAGES
PRIORITIES DIRECTION LINK to NSDS
9
SD Implementation Policy, Operational
Practice
  • COMMON ENABLING MECHANISMS
  • Data, Indicators, Benchmarks
  • Integrated Law Platforms
  • Integrated Administrative Processes
  • Networks, Reference Material
  • Research Criteria Development
  • Technology and Knowledge Transfer
  • Civil Society Engagement entrenched as part
    of development process.

-BPOA10 -RSDS, NSDSs -NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANS -SECTOR/X-SECTOR PLANS
POLICY DEVELOPMENT

-COOPERATION MECHANISMS -APPROACHES TO
INTEGRATIVE DM PLANNING MANAGEMENT
OPERATION TECHNICAL PRACTICE

TOOLS TECHNIQUES
DECISION SUPPORT METHODS EVALUATION,
ANALYSIS, PRIORITISING
10
National Sustainable DevelopmentStrategies (NSDS)
  • WSSD Plan of Implementation NSDSs by 2005
  • CROP SDWG Proposal includes leveraging resources
    to assist some PICTs with NSDS
  • OECD High Level Meeting, April 2001 Good
    practice guides for SD Strategies
  • UNDP guidelines, 2001?
  • IIED, Int Forum on National SD Strategies
  • www.nssd.net
  • www.iisd.ca
  • No One-Size-Fits-All !!
  • CROP team can assist with review of suitable
    options
  • adapt guides to suit particular PICT

11
NSDSs Steps or Elements - OECD
  • Establish National Visions 5-10 years history,
    core values, 3 pillars. (many PICTs have visions
    in Development strategies that may need
    translation into the context of SD)
  • Identify key SD priorities from from National
    Assessments (LINKAGE)
  • Review current policies, frameworks
    institutional arrangements
  • Multi-stakeholder examination of cross-sectoral
    policy options gearing towards integration
  • Translation of Vision into short longer term
    Objectives at National sub-national level
  • Develop mechanisms for cross-sector policy
    integration, vertical / horizontal links,
    operation practice
  • Cause the generation of sets of instruments for
    ways of working to address challenges in
    coherent and dynamic way
  • Develop mechanisms for monitoring progress
    toward agreed Goals

12
IUCN/IIED Guides 1993-94
  • (i) define goals, targets and standards
  • analyze ecological, economic and social issues,
    clarifying linkages and identifying policy gaps
  • prepare sectoral and cross-sectoral policies and
    plans
  • identify and apply practices to sustain the
    resource base of the economy
  • determine priorities for action, evaluating costs
    and benefits and the trade-offs
  • allocate limited resources
  • build capacities to handle complex and
    interrelated issues
  • rationalize legislation
  • improve decision making through better
    information and analytical techniques, and by
    enabling those most affected by decisions to
    contribute to them and
  • develop understanding and build consensus so that
    decisions have strong support.

13
Regional Assistance - Options
  • PICTs experiences with developing NSDSs to be
    documented and shared amongst the Pacific Island
    countries
  • Regional guideline be developed on integrating
    sustainable development into national,
    sub-national and sectoral plans
  • Continue initiatives to integrate sustainable
    development principles in sectoral
    cross-sectoral plans
  • When National Development Plans come up for
    national review, assist with options to
    formalize the process of integration at the
    national level
  • Regional and international support to use
    experience from more advanced SIDS to integrated
    sustainable development principles into
    development environment planning
  • Facilitate a more standard reporting system for
    the future using a simple but systematic
    reporting format

14
IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS HOW !!!
15
SD Implementation Policy, Operational
Practice
  • COMMON ENABLING MECHANISMS
  • Data, Indicators, Benchmarks
  • Integrated Law Platforms
  • Integrated Administrative Processes
  • Networks, Reference Material
  • Research Criteria Development
  • Technology and Knowledge Transfer
  • Civil Society Engagement entrenched as part
    of development process.

-BPOA10 -RSDS, NSDSs -NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANS -SECTOR/X-SECTOR PLANS
POLICY DEVELOPMENT

-COOPERATION MECHANISMS -APPROACHES TO
INTEGRATIVE DM PLANNING MANAGEMENT
OPERATION TECHNICAL PRACTICE

TOOLS TECHNIQUES
DECISION SUPPORT METHODS EVALUATION,
ANALYSIS, PRIORITISING
16
  • JPOI Section 7
  • SPECIAL SIDS PRIORITIES
  • BUT
  • -LETS NOT FORGET IMPLEMENTATION
  • ENABLING PARAMETERS, ELSEWHERE
  • IN THE PLAN

17
JPOI - Enabling Environments for Implementation
  • despite plethora of Conventions, legislation,
    strategies, policies and Action plans that
    directly and indirectly address issues of land
    degradation there is still a wide area of
    uncertainty.. Vanuatu UNCCD Report
  • Institutional Arrangements linkages and
    synergies coord policy,
  • Criteria actions, case studies- choices
  • Legislative Frameworks Plethora of laws not the
    answer integrated simple strategic legal
    bases required
  • Training, Awareness and HR Capacity Development
    at regional
  • /national level local ownership of direction
    necessary
  • Land Use / Environmental Planning Systems
    support to current Planned activities SEA,
    land suitability, soil conservation, resource
    use.
  • Information Support GIS/ RS capacity
    development Clearinghouses, Assist with
    Indicators, benchmarks strategic reporting
    processes
  • Technology Knowledge Transfer Exchanges
    effective-efficient alternatives
  • Finance Strategic Support, consistent, streamed
    coordinated, Internalise
  • Costs ? coordination ? community costs
    planning systems stop LEAKAGE
  • Participation Partnerships NGOs Civil
    Society key players for pragmatic
    on-the- ground actions for resource shy Govts
    provide checks balances.

18
OTHER CALLS !!
  • BPOA5, NADI HIGH LEVEL MEETING National
    Assessment Reports to the WSSD
  • assist with monitoring of environment and
    development trends
  • better plan land-use, resource activities and
    environmental management
  • obtain and use pricing of natural resources to
    recover all costs of development
  • Incorporate Hazard Risk Management within
    Planning processes
  • Generate case studies of successful approaches
    to integration using various mechanisms
  • stimulate institutional change for mainstreaming
    of environment and development, and better
    community participation in decision- making
  • forward community based development as a means
    to mainstream local/traditional knowledge in
    decision-making
  • have available better information, characterised
    to suit decision- making.
  • improve conduits to financial facilities
    targeted finance to national matters
  • Call from the floor in WSSD May 2002 Meeting,
    Nadi

19
ECONOMIC MINISTERS- Env Economic Considerations
2002-03
  • Unsustainable Land Use lack of LU Systems in
    PICs
  • Overwhelming Population pressures
  • Land and Resource Access Tenure
  • Extreme Natural Hazards
  • Limited Spatial tabular Information systems
  • Poor characterisation of data
  • Critical Human Resource Capacity Awareness
    limitations
  • Limited technology Expertise (experience)
  • Absolute Financial constraints Leakages, high
    transaction costs, lack of investment
    environment.

20
CASE STUDIES To Explore The How And When To
Introducing Implementation Mechanisms
21
Tagabe River Catchment Case Study
Intent Explore document innovative and
successful environmental planning and management
approaches to mainstreaming environment
development Aim Review Legislative,
Administrative and Traditional / Community
Information Processes for Mainstreaming
Environment into Development Processes Process
review v product Incorporate Lessons Learnt,
Constraints and Positive Contributions Involve W
ide Stakeholder participation, cross government
players, industry. Specific Objectives To
identify Barriers or Potential Strengths to
Mainstreaming. Identify actions that can be
taken to stimulate evolution of current planning
and development practice.
22
Tagabe Case Study Findings
  • Legislative Frameworks No coordinated laws to
    guide natural resource decisions no scope to
    address people/environment in development
    processes weak links to levels of governance
    where effective laws- constrained by resources,
    know- how, lack of will inclusion of traditional
    practices limited! Positives CRP direction
    for new laws to address SD and Tradition EMCA
    2003 and WRA 2003 made Important for
    coordination but only initial steps to
    mainstreaming some opportunities to plot the
    direction of planning evolution direction can
    encapsulate existing Plans
  • Institutional Arrangements Communication occurs
    but no admin linkages to make common 2 areas
    where planning assessment done at national level
    (1) PP Unit can only provide advice to
    Municipal-Provinical No power for national to
    require direction of lower governance in
    planning Provincial decisions made by committee
    no technical input driven by appl fees
    Planning assessment by Economic planning
    (DESD)- informal, inconsistent biases
    uncoordinated nature of displaced communities
    negates linkages to Govt DM lack of tenure
    security- lack of investment ? poor env
    damage Positives EMCA provides thru EIA -some
    Coordination mechanism start to integrated
    planning TRCMI sets up a sub-national body which
    crosses Government levels, includes Community
    and Industry.

23
  • Information Despite VANRIS poor info linkages
    across between Govt lack of administrative
    processes to stimulate flow poor data
    Positives GoV recognition of NRIC. Positives
    Comprehensive GIS system with multiple layers
    across environment, land management and
    socio- economic arenas
  • Policy Frameworks ? frameworks to guide
    implementation sector based competing demands
    no goals externally driven no multi- function
    direction no national Env policies Positives
    CRP recognises Policy integration, monitoring,
    National Summit with business NGOs A
    framework to link REDI.
  • Environmental Planning Systems ? means to deal
    with land resource use issues Population
    critical multi-culture makeup of squatters ?
    traditions, compounded by cultural ownership,
    tensions abound over water/land. Positives
    TRCMI set up community focus group (vertical
    horizontal links) own the issue answer ?
    enabling env for mainstreaming will link REDI
    NBSAP! Etc EMCA first base only but now they
    themselves can plot a path to more comprehensive
    integration, that suits their nurtured capacity
    development.

24
  • THE RESULTS LEADING TO ADVANCEMENTS
  • ESTABLISHMENT OF MINISTERS COUNCIL
  • COMMUNITY INDUSTRY COMMITTEE
  • COMMUNITY INTEREST FOR ACTIVE INVOLVMENT
  • EXPLORING SELF CATCHMENT MONITORING
  • INTEREST IN TYING IWP PLANS
  • COURSE FOR FULLER PLANNING INTEGRATION
  • PLOTTED
  • INTEREST IN EXPLORING PLANNING FRAMEWORKS
    (OPTIONS)
  • USE AS A MODEL FOR REPLICATION

25
AN ADAPTIVE PLANNING FRAMEWORK
Socio-Economic Pressures For Population growth
urbanisation
Determine Drivers, trends, threats and emerging
issues SOE, EVI, Stats
Geographical Features Environmental Mapping
Identification of Features, patterns, aspects
land marine
Stats Econ
Characterisation of Demands/Needs for Settlement
Needs Assessments and Suitability Analysis
Lands Env
Assessment of Risks from Hazards
CHARM or similar
Risk Management Options as Response
Assessment of Ecological / Biodiversity
Sensitivities
Biodiversity programmes
Absolute Relative Options
Assessment of Freshwaters systems
Freshwater Supply programmes
Absolute Relative Opts
Assessment of Soil/Land Capabilities
Land Resources (Soil), Agriculture Forestry
As above
Planning Analysis and Policy, Strategy Resource
Use Planning instruments
Balancing Utility with Sensitivities Cultural
Values (GIS-Data, Guidelines, Criteria, Admin,
Strategy, Laws)
26
IMPLEMENTATION Options Explored
  • National Sub national Integration - Policy
    influence integrated decision making systems.
  • Sub National Development Plans and strategies
  • Land Use and Resource use plans
  • Hazard Assessments and responses
  • EIAs, SIA, EcIA, SEA (predicted hazards,
    consumption of resources etc)
  • Public awareness
  • Public and Private sector Partnerships/strategies

27
Integration in Practice Action from the
Community LevelLand and Marine Resource Use Plan
Niue 1997 -2001
  • Data ?Information?Characterised for Multi Use
  • Scientific
  • Traditional knowledge
  • Community concerns
  • Community aspirations
  • Synthesize
  • User friendly GIS
  • Agreed admin processes procedures that Decision
  • makers understand
  • Hazard! Sensitivity mapping, Preferred use
    areas
  • Land Res. Use strategies development criteria
  • Sustainable Development Guidelines
  • Tourism development
  • Water
  • Agriculture
  • Subdivision plans
  • Forestry
  • Fisheries
  • Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment

Characterised Data
Integrated Strategies, Instruments
Guidelines
Tools for delivery
Legislative platforms Key to instituting Integrati
ve PROCESS
28
(No Transcript)
29
Type II Umbrella InitiativePlanning for
Sustainable Community Lifestyles
30
Objective
  • Community based frameworks to integrate
    environmental and development needs
  • using people and customs as the central
    parameters for decision-making, management and
    fostering social cohesion
  • promotion of sustainable community livelihoods
  • National and sub-national delivery actions
  • A planning approach which builds on coordination
  • Resource Use Planning planning, Environment
    Development status reporting, Land resource
    access
  • Harbours on Community development as the
    starting block, but also for delivery!
  • Providing the nexus between village, provincial,
    town and national directions supportive of
    national policy.

31
Principles
  • People at core of Sustainable Development
  • Sustainable Lifestyles dependent on sustainable
    use of natural resources incorporation of
    traditional local knowledge
  • Peoples aspirations and visions should dominate
    policy practice
  • Environmental Social justice core to SD
  • Integration environment socio-economics in
    decision making at all levels is needed
  • Equity in development processes outcomes
    enabling environments through empowerment and
    community development frameworks ingredients to
    address Poverty improve quality of life
  • Land resource access tenure clarity
    increases certainty confidence
  • Locals investment in assets true signal/path to
    SD

32
Focus
  • Instituting support mechanisms for better
    accord of information use vertically
    horizontally
  • Strengthening Participatory processes
  • Institute planning processes holistic,
    information focus community driven
  • Support ability for PICTs to assess their state
    of environment identify areas for
    opportunities
  • Local communities valuing their resources!
  • Partnerships with NGOs public sector, Civil
    Society
  • Empowerment at sub-national level but with
    respect of governance.

33
Elements
  • Integrated decision making for communities
  • Multi-use characterization of Information/data
  • Mainstreaming integration
  • Land Resource Access and Tenure
  • Mechanisms for the empowerment of local/village,
    provincial, local government
  • State of Environment Reporting (or similar)
  • Forward assessment for planning development
  • Traditional methods of communication,
    coordination management
  • Integrative assessment planning

34
Where from ?
  • Land Tenure Symposium USP, early 2002
  • Jburg Plan Of Implementation
  • BPOA5 National Assessment Reports to the WSSD
  • assist with monitoring of environment and
    development trends
  • better plan land-use, resource activities and
    environmental management
  • obtain and use pricing of natural resources to
    recover all costs of development
  • Incorporate Hazard Risk Management within
    Planning processes
  • Generate case studies of successful approaches
    to integration using various mechanisms
  • stimulate institutional change for mainstreaming
    of environment and development, and better
    community participation in decision-making
  • forward community based development as a means
    to mainstream local/traditional knowledge in
    decision-making
  • have available better information, characterised
    to suit decision-making.
  • improve conduits to financial facilities
    targeted finance to national matters
  • Call from the floor in WSSD May 2002 Meeting,
    Nadi

35
Where to ?
  • Environmental Planning Workshop 19- 23 May
    2003
  • Approaches Policy Practice
  • Tools methods
  • Information needs
  • Institutional choices/needs
  • Tailoring actions, initiatives assistance
  • Generation or collection of case studies on
    means for Integration Fiji Strategic Assessment
    of Tourism Strategy Vanuatu Case Study
  • National land workshops Fiji, Vanuatu and PNG
    (links on USP website).
  • National mediation workshops proposed.
  • International Association for the Study of
    Common Property (IASCP) Pacific 2003 Brisbane,
    September 2003.

36
EXPLORING INTEGRATION BACK TO THEORY !!
37
NADI March Meetings- Too many Plans ?
NATIONAL PLANS
NATIONAL
PROVINCIAL OUTER ISLANDS
??
MUNICIPAL
INDUSTRY
COMMUNITY PROJECTS
COMMUNITY
PROCESS versus STATIC PRODUCTS
38
A National Implementation Example for Comm Plng
Government Sustainable Development Platform
National Development Plans!
NATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PROCESS SYSTEMS for IMPLEMENTATION
Finance Tax
Economic Development
Community Services
Education, Training HRD
Utility Infrastructure
Trade, Commerce Industry
and STRATEGIES
SECTOR
POLICIES

THEME
Forest Policy
Coast Marine
Climate Change
Biodiversity Conservation
Environment Impact Provisions SOE
Tourism
Cleaner production/ Renewable Energy efforts
Water and Waste Management
NATIONAL SUB NATIONAL LEVEL POLICIES - ACTION
PLANS and IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS

IMPLEMENTATION INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT SD
PLATFORMS
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ACTIONS SINGLE OR CROSS SECTOR, GEO OR
SPASMODIC LIMITS


PROVINCIAL
MUNICIPALITY
DISTRICT
OUTER ISLANDS















39
Government Sustainable Development Platform
National Development Plans!
NATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PROCESS SYSTEMS for IMPLEMENTATION
Finance Tax
Economic Development
Community Services
Education, Training HRD
Utility Infrastructure
Trade, Commerce Industry
and STRATEGIES
SECTOR
POLICIES

THEME
Forest Policy
Coast Marine
Climate Change
Biodiversity Conservation
Environment Impact Provisions SOE
Tourism
Cleaner production/ Renewable Energy efforts
Water and Waste Management
NATIONAL SUB NATIONAL LEVEL POLICIES - ACTION
PLANS and IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS

IMPLEMENTATION INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT SD
PLATFORMS
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ACTIONS SINGLE OR CROSS SECTOR, GEO OR
SPASMODIC LIMITS


PROVINCIAL
MUNICIPALITY
DISTRICT
OUTER ISLANDS















40
Government Sustainable Development Platform
National Development Plans!
NATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PROCESS SYSTEMS for IMPLEMENTATION
Finance Tax
Economic Development
Community Services
Education, Training HRD
Utility Infrastructure
Trade, Commerce Industry
and STRATEGIES
SECTOR
POLICIES

THEME
Forest Policy
Coast Marine
Climate Change
Biodiversity Conservation
Environment Impact Provisions SOE
Tourism
Cleaner production/ Renewable Energy efforts
Water and Waste Management
NATIONAL SUB NATIONAL LEVEL POLICIES - ACTION
PLANS and IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS

IMPLEMENTATION INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT SD
PLATFORMS
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ACTIONS SINGLE OR CROSS SECTOR, GEO OR
SPASMODIC LIMITS


PROVINCIAL
MUNICIPALITY
DISTRICT
OUTER ISLANDS

COMMUNITY FRAMED Environmental Planning
Resource Management System
Int. Env. Planning Laws and Regulations
Administration Processes Guides
Res. Use Strategies Island Coasts eg Preferred
Use Areas
SD Guidelines eg Urban dev Forestry Practice
Env., Land Socio-economic Cultural
information GIS
41
SD - Current scenario segregation of decisions,
administrative aggregation of delivery
Duplication Cumulative effects? Competing
decisions Bureaucratic processes Lack of
Coordination Priorities dominated by
Links as band-aids to address problems
Administrative Conduits to address inconsistencies
42
Integration for Sustainable Development
SOCIAL Pillar Human Cultural Well-being,
Education, HRD, Social Justice, Health, Equity
and Gender
ENVIRONMENT Pillar Systems, Resources, Issues,
Sensitivities Vulnerabilities
ECONOMIC Pillar Socio-Economic Factors (Governance
,Policies, laws, instruments, security)
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