CULTURE AND SOCIETY

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CULTURE AND SOCIETY
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THIS WEEK

• TUES. CULTURE AND SOCIETY
• WED. ELITE AND POLULAR CULTURE
• THURS. GREAT SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION I
• FRI. GREAT SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION II

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TODAYS TOPICS

• WHAT DO WE MEAN BY CULTURE AND SOCIETY?
• WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF CULTURE?
• WHAT DO WE MEAN BY VALUES AND NORMS?
• HOW DO CULTURES CHANGE?

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SOCIETY

• A SOCIETY IS A GROUPING THAT CONSISTS OF PEOPLE
  WHO SHARE A COMMON CULTURE, OBEY THE SAME
  POLITICAL AUTHORITY, AND OCCUPY A GIVEN
  TERRITORITY

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CULTURE

• CULTURE IS THE MUTUALLY SHARED PRODUCTS,
  KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS OF A HUMAN GROUP OR SOCIETY

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CULTURE IS

• A SOCIAL PRODUCT
• SHARED
• PROBLEM SOLVING
• POTENTIALLY CONFLICTIVE
• BOTH MATERIAL AND NON-MATERIAL

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SUB OR SPECIALIZED CULTURES

• SUB OR SPECIALIZED CULTURES ARE THE CULTURES OF
  SMALL OR SPECIALIZED GROUPS IN A SOCIETY THAT
  SHARE MAJOR MAINSTREAM VALUES BUT ARE
  DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR OWN VOCABULARIES AND NORMS.

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COUNTERCULTURE

• A COUNTERCULTURE IS A CULTURAL STRAIN WITHIN A
  SOCIETY THAT IS IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN OPPOSITION
  TO FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF MAINSTREAM CULTURE

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PRINCIPLES OF CULTURE

• CULTURE LAG
• CULTURAL HEGEMONY
• CULTURAL DIVSESITY
• CULTURE SHOCK
• CULTURAL MARGINALITY

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CULTURE LAG

• CULTURE LAG IS THE TENDENCY FOR ELEMENTS OF
  MATERIAL CULTURE TO CHANGE MORE RAPIDLY THAN
  ELEMENTS OF NON-MATERIAL CULTUTE.

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CULTURAL HEGEMONY

• CULTURAL HEGEMONY IS THE TENCY FOR MAINSTREAM
  CULTURE IN A SOCIETY OR OTHER SOCIAL GROUPING TO
  DRIVE OUT, SURPRESS, OR MINIMIZE ALTERNATIVE
  CULTURAL ELEMENTS.

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CULTURAL DIVERSITY

• CULTURAL DIVERSITY REFERS TO THE SOCIAL SITUATION
  IN WHICH SEVERAL FAIRLY DISSIMILAR PEOPLES WITH
  DISTINCT WAYS OF LIVES EXIST TOGETHER IN ONE
  SOCIETY.

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CULTURE SHOCK

• CULTURE SHOCK IS THE TENDENCY FOR A PERSON TO
  BECOME CONFUSED, DISORIENTED, OR DISTURBED WHEN
  MOVING FROM ONE CULTURAL SETTING TO ANOTHER.

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CULTURAL MARGINALITY

• CULTURAL MARGINALITY IS THE TENDENCY FOR A PERSON
  MOVING FROM ONE CULTURE TO ANOTHER TO TAKE ON
  ELEMENTS OF BOTH CULTURES AND THEREBY FAILING TO
  REALLY BELONG FULLY TO EITHER ONE.

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BELIEF ABOUT CULTUREETHNOCENTRISM

• ETHNOCENTRISM IS THE BELIEF THAT ONES OWN
  CULTURE IS SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS.

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BELIEF ABOUT CULTURECULTURAL RELATIVISM

• CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS THE BELIEF THAT EACH
  CULTURE IS UNIQUE AND MUST BE ANALYZED ON ITS OWN
  TERMS.

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BELIEF ABOUT CULTUREMULTICULTURALISM

• MULTICULTURALISM IS THE BELIEF THAT CULTURE
  SHOULD BE VIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
  DIFFERENT GROUPS.

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VALUES

• VALUES ARE THE PREFERENCES PEOPLE SHARE ABOUT
  WHAT IS GOOD OR BAD, RIGHT OR WRONG, DESIRABLE OR
  UNDESIRABLE THAT INFLUENCE PEOPLES BEHAVIOR,
  EMOTIONS, AND THOUGHTS.

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SOME BASIC AMERICAN VALUES

• ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS
• ACTIVITY AND WORK
• MORAL AND JUDGEMENTAL
• EFFICIENCY, PRACTICALITY, AND PROGRESS
• MATERIAL COMFORT
• FREEDOM, EQUALITY, DEMOCRACY

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NORMS

• NORMS ARE THE SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS ABOUT HOW
  PEOPLE BEHAVE IN A GIVEN SITUATION.
• FOLKWAYS ARE NORMS ABOUT RELATIVELY UNIMPORTANT
  MATTERS
• MORES ARE NORMS ABOUT VERY SERIOUS MATTERS

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HOW CULTURES CHANGE

• INVENTION/DISCOVERY
• DIFFUSION
• HUMAN AGENCY
• POPULATION SHIFT
• WAR/REVOLUTION
• CATASTROPHE
• TECHNOLOGY