VISTAS

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VISTAS Monitoring Summary Charleston, SC Dec.
14, 2004
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge
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Monitoring Activity

• Focus Sites Data needs for model evaluation
• Improved temporal resolution
• Speciated Measurements
• Precursor Species
• Spatial Distribution
• Sources of Organic Carbon
• Carbon Sampling, Analysis, and Source Attribution

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VISTAS Focus Sites
Great Smoky Mtns.
Millbrook
Atlanta
Cape Romain
urban
rural
Continuous, daily, every 3rd day

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Focus Site Data

• Objectives
• Create as complete a record as possible of local
  conditions, gas, fine particulate mass and
  component concentrations at source and receptor
  sites.
• Make the data available for use in model
  evaluation.
• Evaluate the continuous methods used for
  comparability with existing networks.
• Responsibility States, Contractors
• Deliverables
• Verified data in AQS
• Normalized data on VISTAS site

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Focus Sites

• March 2003 - December 2004
• Continuous monitoring
• Sulfate, Nitrate, Carbon
• Precursor gases - SO2, NOy, CO
• Continuous Mass
• LAC
• Scattering (at the Class 1 area sites)
• Reference Filter Speciation IMPROVE and STN

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Focus Site Data Analyses

• Summaries of
• Daily Averages
• Monthly and Quarterly Averages
• Diurnal patterns on best and worst visibility
  days
• Responsibility States, Contractors
• Deliverable
• Periodic Reports

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Focus Site Data Completeness
12/12/2004 update
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Focus Site Data Completeness

• Planning target was 75 data completeness
• Typically recovering 80-90 per parameter
• But instrument failures still an issue..
• Close to 75 for all parameters at a site

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Focus Site Data Normalization
Comparison of Millbrook and Cape Romain
Continuous Sulfate to Filter Sulfate data
STN Filter Sulfate
IMPROVE Filter Sulfate
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Focus Site Data Normalization
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Focus Site Data Normalization

• Must have filter data
• IMPROVE - 1 year
• STN- 4 months
• STN added at Cape Romain - 4/04
• Comparison of IMPROVE and STN at a rural site

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Focus Site Data Normalization

• Verification, validation and normalization are
  iterative

Cape Romain
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Focus Site Data Summaries

• Qualitative data ..

Cape Romain 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries

• Qualitative data ..

Cape Romain 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries

• Qualitative data ..

Cape Romain 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Look Rock 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Look Rock 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Look Rock 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Look Rock 2nd Quarter Report
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Preliminary Data Summary Millbrook
July,2003-August 2004
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Preliminary Data Summary Millbrook
July,2003-August 2004
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Focus Site Data Summaries
Preliminary Data Summary Millbrook
July,2003-August 2004
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Focus Site Data Normalization

• Continuous monitors provide qualitative
  information
• Comparable between sites and methods
• BUT
• Filter data is needed to improve correlation
  between the continuous data and the Gold
  Standard (IMPROVE)

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Objectives
• Identify sources of primary organic carbon (OC)
• Estimate relative contributions from source
  categories to primary OC
• Infer contribution of secondary OC to total
  Carbon mass
• Phase 1 Collection
• Phase 2 Analysis

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Phase 1 - Collection
• Responsibilities
• States, NPS- Install and operate Samplers
• Contractor- Provide filter prep, management and
  storage.
• Perform initial analysis of filters and blanks
• Deliverables
• High volume PM2.5 samplers installed at 5 sites
• Sample collection spring 2004 through winter
  2005
• Sample prep and storage ongoing..
• Initial analysis

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High Volume PM 2.5 Collection for CMB
Shenandoah
Mammoth Cave
Look Rock
Millbrook
Cape Romain
2.5 HiVol
sample every 3rd day

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Converted PM10 Hivols

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Converted PM10 Hivols

Cape Romain- May 2004
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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Phase 2 - Analysis
• Responsibilities Contractor-
• Perform analysis of filters and blanks
• Perform data and source attribution analysis
• Report
• Deliverables
• Quarterly analysis of selected filters
• Exploratory analysis - Principal Component
  Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Cluster
  Analysis
• Compile source profiles
• Apply receptor model (CMB)
• Report Dec 2005

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Initial analysis
• Blanks OK ?
• Enough Sample ?
• 34 Alkanes
• 60 Polars
• 37 Hopanes and Steranes
• 20 PAHs

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Initial analysis

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Sources of Organic Carbon

• Initial analysis
• Blanks OK ?
• Yes, but need to watch filter handling...
• Enough Sample ?
• Yes, but more, better..
• Increase analyzed portion of filter from
• 1/2 to 3/4.

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VISTAS Monitoring Summarized Charleston,
SC Dec. 14, 2004
Purchase Knob, Great Smoky Mountains National
Park
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VISTAS Monitoring Summarized Charleston,
SC Dec. 14, 2004
Shenandoah National Park
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VISTAS Data Workgroup

• Larry GarrisonManager,Technical Services
  BranchKentucky Division for Air
  Qualitylarry.garrison_at_mail.state.ky.us(502)
  573-3382
• Scott ReynoldsSC DHECDivision of Air Quality
  Analysis
• REYNOLDS_at_dhec.sc.gov
• [phone]

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Additional Information

• IMPROVE filters in VISTAS are being analyzed for
  NH4
• RH data identified and available at (or near)
  IMPROVE sites
• Upper Air Meteorology..