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Advocacy Toolkit
v.10-2008
How to convince stakeholders to support
development education (DE)? A toolkit in three
parts 1 Arguments What is DE? Why is it
important? Who are the actors? 2
Methods Principles of and approaches to
successful lobbying 3 Examples Who did it well?
Spotlights on Spain, Poland and the European
multi stakeholder process on DE
Arguments (1/21)
2
What is DE?
Before starting any advocacy activity, a clear
understanding of the topic should be shared. The
following four slides recall basic definitions
and principles of development education. Please
refer to the DEEEP website for further details,
especially to the European Development Education
Consensus http//www.deeep.org/deconsensusprocess
.html
Arguments (2/21)
3
Our definition of DE
Development education is an active learning
process, founded on values of solidarity,
equality, inclusion and co-operation. It enables
people to move from basic awareness of
international development priorities and
sustainable human development, through
understanding of the causes and effects of global
issues, to personal involvement and informed
action. Development education fosters the full
participation of all citizens in world-wide
poverty eradication, and the fight against
exclusion. It seeks to influence more just and
sustainable economic, social, environmental, and
human rights based national and international
policies. definition approved by DEF and CONCORD
GA in 2004
What is DE?
Arguments (3/21)
4
DE definition diagram
Development Education
values solidarity, co-operation, equality,
inclusion
active learning process
under- standing
action
awareness
change policies
What is DE?
Arguments (4/21)
5
DE and other educations
DE is closely linked to other educations, with
which it is often overlapping. The overarching
concept is Global Education. Global refers to the
content (one world issues) as well as to the
methods (holistic pedagogy participative,
creative, personal..) Global Education is also
refered to as Global Learning, Education for
Global Citizenship or others, depending on
national and historical context. The DEF uses a
broad concept of DE, practically identical with
Global Education.
Environmental Education
Intercultural Education
Peace Education
Development Education
Gender Education
Human rights Education
Global Education
What is DE?
Arguments (5/21)
6
Education or politics?
The diagram shows interconnections between DE and
GE and different fields of formal and informal
education. Beyond its educational character, the
final objective of DE is however strongly
political Change of attitudes and behaviours of
citizens (including decision makers) and so
finally change politics and societies, through a
broad range of activities and action fields, from
awareness raising over formal and non-formal
learning processes to campaigning and political
advocacy work. In this sense, education as a tool
to enable citizens engagement is necessarily
political.
What is DE?
Arguments (6/21)
7
Why is it important?
The following slides provide 8 solid arguments on
why development education should be
supported. Links provide further in-depth
information on each argument. The arguments
should be selected and adapted according to the
advocacy target (e.g. not the same arguments are
convincing for the MFA development department and
for a school curriculum authority). Dont
hesitate to contact DEEEP if you have questions
on a specific point.
Arguments (7/21)
8
Eight good reasons for DE

• DE is necessary, because DE is...
• an answer to globalisation
• challenging global injustice and poverty
• challenging misinformation and stereotypes
• providing qualification and skills
• strengthening civil society
• effective DE works
• a democratic requirement
• a political and legal obligation

Why is it important?
Arguments (8/21)
9
1. answer to globalisation
Lives of people are increasingly globally
connected and shaped by what happens in other
parts of the world. Development Education
provides necessary knowledge, understanding,
skills and values to fully participate in
ensuring own and others well-being and to make a
positive contribution to globalisation, both
locally and globally. more on DE as an
appropriate answer to globalisation Oxfam guide
on Education for global Citizenship http//www.o
xfam.org.uk/education/gc/files/education_for_globa
l_citizenship_a_guide_for_schools.pdf
Why is it important?
Arguments (9/21)
10
2. poverty reduction
Take every penny you have set aside in aid for
Tanzania and spend it in the UK explaining to
people facts and causes of poverty Julius
Nyerere, former president of Tanzania.
The world we live in is unfair and unequal, and
DE promotes the challenging and changing of
this. Reasons for poverty are complex
international trade and politics, postcolonial
relations, gouvernance etc. DE promotes to get
actively involved in changing policies in the
North which harm the South, through awareness
raising, education, campaigning and advocacy. For
example, a campaign for fair trade or lobbying
for debt release can be effective contributions
to poverty reduction.
more on how DE contributes to poverty reduction
Working to achieve the Millennium Development
Goals through greater European public engagement
in the fight against global poverty - CONCORD DEF
position paper (2007) http//www.deeep.org/fileadm
in/user_upload/downloads/DE_Forum_reports/DEF_posi
tion_paper_Oct07.pdf
Why is it important?
Arguments (10/21)
11
3. fights misinformation
Misinformation and stereotypes are characteristic
for the image of development cooperation and the
south in general. Questioning generalisations
and critical thinking are key elements of
DE. Knowledge on non European countries and
development issues remains very poor (e.g. 80 of
the European public have never heard about the
MDGs, spending for development aid is largely
overestimated). However, a realistic picture of
development challenges and the impact of European
policies as well as individual behaviour is
essential to constructively contribute to a
better world. DE can provide this knowledge. more
on Europeans attitudes towards development
issues Special Eurobarometer Europeans and
Development Aid, June 2007 http//ec.europa.eu/pu
blic_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_280_en.pdf
ActionAid UK, Opinion Poll on Public Attitudes
to Aid, 2006 http//www.actionaid.org.uk/doc_lib/p
oll_summary.pdf DEA study Young peoples
Experiences of Global Learning http//www.dea.org.
uk/uploads/4453d22a64a184b4f76a113996448fcf/Ipsos_
MORI.pdf
Why is it important?
Arguments (11/21)
12
4. skills and qualifications
Self-esteem, critical thinking, communication,
co-operation, adaptability, team behaviour and
global citizenship are essential qualities in the
modern society. Active and particatory methods of
DE engage the learner and help individuals to
grow and develop their potential. Those
competences are not only a precondition for
reflective participation in society, but also
largely appreciated skills on the labour market
(which might lead to new alliances in the
promotion of DE). However, in DE these skills are
rooted in values such as solidarity and
inclusion. Some actors (like Oxfam or UNESCO)
simply call this quality education. more on this
UNESCOs concept of quality education http//p
ortal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID27542
URL_DODO_TOPICURL_SECTION201.html Skills in
Oxfams Curriculum for Global Citizenship http
//eduwight.iow.gov.uk/curriculum/marks/images/Oxfa
m'sCurriculumforGlobalCitizenship.pdf
Why is it important?
Arguments (12/21)
13
5. strengthens civil society
The empowering and participatory approach of DE,
encouraging individual and collective action,
strengthens engagement of citizens. A strong
civil society is however one precondition for
coherent international cooperation
policies. Aware and active civil society is of
particular importance in emerging donor
countries (NMS), which are about to define their
international cooperation policies. Without the
support of the public opinion, there will be
little likelihood of strong ODA policies.
If citizens were better educated and more
informed regarding global development issues,
they could provide informed, critical support to
reformers in their countries, so as to foster
more vigorous, more efficient and coherent
development cooperation policies.. OECD
Development Centre, 2005
more on this OECD Development Centre Policy
Insights Nr. 13 MDGs, Taxpayers and Aid
Effectiveness http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/
35310784.pdf Civil society project EU policy
coherence for Developement http//www.eucoherence
.org/
Why is it important?
Arguments (13/21)
14
6. DE works!
DE has positive, documented and evaluated effects
on society. The OECD Development Centre sees a
positive correlation between better awareness and
higher expenditure on DE. Moreover, the 5 EU
members who have invested most in DE are close to
the 0.7 of GNP for ODA target, or have reached
it already. Also beyond the aim of more and
better aid, DE proves to contribute to a better
society, e.g. in terms of intercultural
competences or environmental behaviour.
more DE spending
more awareness
better ODA
more on this OECD publication Public Opinion
and the Fight against Poverty http//www.oecd.org
/document/31/0,3343,en_2649_34101_2498143_1_1_1_1,
00.html OECD study on MDGs, Taxpapers and Aid
Effectiveness http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/
35310784.pdf RISC publication How do we know
its working? http//www.risc.org.uk/education/te
aching_resources.html There are plenty of
positive examples of DE all over Europe. Contact
DEEEP if you look for precise cases linked to
your country or region.
Why is it important?
Arguments (14/21)
15
7. democratic requirement
It is a democratic right that the general public
are adequately informed of development
cooperation, so that they can hold their
goverments to account to show that their taxes
are being put to tackling poverty consistently
and effectively, while also promoting social
development. Actions and evidence of impact
should be communicated clearly to the public, and
be made easily accessible through a range of
media. Transparency and democratic control
contribute to the quality of the development
policy of a country. DE can contribute to
that. more on this CONCORD is doing an
important work of ODA monitoring and
documentation, which shows clearly that
transparency and governmental communication is
insufficient. CONCORD Aid Watch http//www.concord
europe.org/Public/Page.php?ID258 CONCORD Aid
effectiveness group http//www.concordeurope.org/P
ublic/Page.php?ID8825 The link between democracy
in donor countries and quality of development
policies http//www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwe
bcms3_e.nsf/(ynDK_contentByKey)/ADMR-7BRLEX?Openn
avexpandPublicationsactivePublications\ADMR-7B
RLEX
Why is it important?
Arguments (15/21)
16
8. political obligation
In an ever growing number of political
commitments and declarations, governments and
institutions recognise the importance of DE.
The EU will pay particular attention to
development education and awareness raising The
European Consensus on Development, part 1, 4.3
selection of main European commitments 2001 EU
Council of Ministers Resolution on DE 2002
Maastricht Global Education Declaration 2005
Recommendations of the Brussels conference on
DE 2005 to 2014 UN decade of Education for
sustainable development 2005 European Consensus
on development 2006 Recommendations of the
Helsinki conference on DE 2007 European DE
Consensus 2008 EP report on Development
Cooperation Policies for the NMS 2008
Recommendations of the Ljubljana conference on
DE more on this (links to the texts and
resources) http//www.deeep.org/advocacy.html
3 of aid funds could be earmarked for spending
within donor nations ... to increase public
awareness of the interdependence of the North and
the South UNDP Human Development Report 1993, p.8
Why is it important?
Arguments (16/21)
17
Who are the actors?
Knowing the DE actors in Europe is not only
important to exchange on practises and to build
up alliances. Their activities or mere existence
can also support your argument If a recognised
international actor (as the European Commission)
or a neigbouring country take DE seriously, a
national government might be convinced more
easily. The following three slides provide an
overview on DE actors in Europe, on the existence
of national DE strategies and on funding for DE.
Arguments (17/21)
18
DE Actors mapping
(selection)
NGOs / civil society
governmental / institutions
Council of Europe
CONCORD
North-South Centre
GCAP other campaigns
European Youth Forum
European DE multi stakeholder steering group
international European
DEF
European Commission
OECD DevCom
CEMR
European networks (Oxfam, Plan, GLEN etc.)
GENE
European Parliament
media
nat. MFAs
nat. platforms
trade unions
nat. MoEs
nat. development agencies (InWEnt etc.)
media
national
nat. ngos
foundations
local authorities
churches
local ngos
universities
DE Centres
media
private schools
fair trade shops
libraries
schools
...
local
Who are the actors?
Arguments (18/21)
19
National DE strategies
existing national DE strategy Spain, France,
England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Ireland,
Austria, Greece
no national DE strategy Portugal, Italy, Denmark,
Sweden, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia,
Malta, Cyprus
in process or partly existing Scotland, Finland,
Latvia, Poland, Germany, Czech Republic,
Luxembourg, Belgium, Hungary, Romania,
Netherlands, Slovenia
A quality DE strategy in another (e.g.
neighbouring) country can be a good argument to
use with your own government (if they have it,
and it works, why shouldnt we?). more on
this National examples (Poland, Spain) in part 3
of this toolkit DEEEP biannual survey on
DE http//www.deeep.org/snapshotdememberstates.htm
l contact the national DEF representative or
advocacy_at_deeep.org for more details on specific
countries
Who are the actors?
Arguments (19/21)
20
National DE spending
DE spending in Mio (2004)
DE spending p.c. in (2004)
NL
D
GB
DK
A
E
IRL
F
SF
NL
D
L
GB
DK
A
E
more numbers check the DEEEP website http//www.d
eeep.org or contact advocacy_at_deeep.org
IRL
F
SF
source OECD http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/35
310784.pdf
L
Who are the actors?
Arguments (20/21)
21
Advocacy Toolkit
v.10-2008
Thank you for using the DEEEP Advocacy
Toolkit For any questions, feedback or remarks,
please write an email to advocacy_at_deeep.org Also
check out the rest! The toolkit comes in three
parts 1 Arguments What is DE? Why is it
important? Who are the actors? 2
Methods Principles of and approaches to
successful lobbying 3 Examples Who did it well?
Spotlights on Spain, Poland and the European
multi stakeholder process on DE