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The Renaissance

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Title: The Renaissance


1
The Renaissance
  • Chris Anderson
  • Randolph-Henry High School
  • Charlotte County
  • andersoncm_at_ccps.k12.va.us

2
The Renaissance
  • The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600
  • Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening
  • Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the
    Modern Era
  • People began to develop new ideas about the world
    around them

3
The Italian Renaissance
  • The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy
  • Italy was in an ideal location to be the
    birthplace of the Renaissance
  • Close to the old Byzantine Empire
  • Center of trade in the Mediterranean

4
  • Italian scholars began to take lots of interest
    in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans
  • This increased interest in the classics is called
    humanism
  • Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old
    manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works

5
  • Humanists began to admire much of the ancient
    Greek and Roman Culture

6
  • Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs
  • 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life
  • 2.) all people have dignity and worth
  • 3.) the ideal personone who can do almost
    anything (the Renaissance Man)

7
  • Humanists began opening schools to introduce the
    classics to people
  • The humanist schools taught 4 subjects
  • 1.) History
  • 2.) Philosophy
  • 3.) Latin
  • 4.) Greek

8
  • Humanism brought about new types of
    writingmoving away from religion
  • People wrote about daily life and feelings
  • Petrarchintroduced the Sonnet
  • A new way to express ideas in poetry

9
  • Machiavelliwrote The Prince
  • The Prince was a book about Italian government
  • Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power
  • In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

10
Machiavelli
Petrarch
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  • The Humanists began to challenge many long held
    beliefs
  • Humanists also began to question the Catholic
    Church

12
Italian City Life
  • Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy
  • Most Italian cities were wealthy and
    self-controlling

13
Italian City Life
  • A new social order was created in the Italian
    city-states because money and wealth were more
    important than land ownership
  • 1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers
  • 2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers)
  • 3.) Lower Class (poor workers)
  • 4.) Peasants--farmers

14
Italian City Life
  • Italy was NOT a unified nation during the
    Renaissance
  • Each city-state was independent of the others
  • Frequently, the peasants would revolt against the
    wealthy rulersusually, unsuccessfully

15
Italian City Life
  • 1400ssocial unrest was so bad that many
    city-states turned power over to a single leader,
    hoping to restore peace
  • The leaders were called the Signori
  • Signori were like dictatorsthey used threats and
    violence to keep peace

16
Italian City Life
  • City-states also fought with each other over the
    control of land
  • City-states would hire soldiers to fight
  • The richer city-states would have the most and
    best soldiers

17
  • There are three (3) important city-states that
    played major roles in the Italian Renaissance
  • 1.) Florence
  • 2.) Rome
  • 3.) Venice

18
Florence, Italy
  • The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy
  • Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the
    1400s
  • The Medicis allowed the ideas of humanism to
    spread through Florence

19
Florence, Italy
  • The 1st Medici to rule FlorenceCosimo de Medici

20
Florence, Italy
  • Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the people of
    Florence
  • Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the
    city

21
Florence, Italy
  • Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his
    grandfather, Cosimo, died
  • Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until
  • 1492

22
Florence, Italy
  • Lorenzo kept his grandfathers heavy tax
  • Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and
    writers

23
Florence, Italy
  • The Medicis were forced to hand power over to
    Savonarola because Florence had lost control over
    Europes cloth trade

24
Florence, Italy
  • Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence
  • Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc.
  • He also criticized the Catholic Church

25
Rome, Italy
  • The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s
  • The Pope controlled Rome
  • The different Popes rebuilt the city
  • The Popes commissioned many different artists to
    decorate the palaces and churches

26
Rome, Italy
  • St. Peters Basilica was built during this time

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Rome, Italy
  • Renaissance Popes became very corrupt, caring
    more about money and politics than spiritual
    matters
  • The Popes wasted money on luxuries
  • Many Europeans began to question the Church

29
Venice, Italy
  • City located over hundreds of small islands
  • Venice had a monopoly over the trade with
    Asiamade Venice
  • Venice was the wealthiest Italian city-state in
    the Late Renaissance

30
Venice, Italy
  • Venice had a republican form of government,
    headed by a Doge
  • The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of
    the city

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Artistic Achievements
  • Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating
  • Most art was still centered around religion
  • Artists began to experiment with new techniques
  • Perspective
  • Studied anatomy
  • Used gestures and expressions

33
Artistic Achievements
  • Architecture
  • Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the
    Cathedral of Florence

34
Brunelleschis Dome
35
Artistic Achievements
  • Painting and Sculpture
  • Early Renaissance sculptors copied the classical
    works
  • Statues were realistic
  • Renaissance painters used new techniques to
    create realistic images in their works

36
Artistic Achievements
  • Painting and Sculpture
  • Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor
  • Sculpted David and La Pieta
  • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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Artistic Achievements
  • Painting and Sculpture
  • Donatello was a sculptor
  • He was the 1st to use bronze since ancient times

41
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Artistic Achievements
  • Painting and Sculpture
  • Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as
    writer, scientist, inventor, etc.
  • His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last
    Supper

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46
Northern Renaissance
  • By the late 1400s, the Renaissance had moved to
    the Northern areas of Europe
  • Renaissance ideas spread through contact and by
    the printing press

47
Northern Renaissance
  • 1494the French invaded Italy
  • The French King became very interested in what he
    saw
  • The King decided to bring a piece of the
    Renaissance back to France
  • He brought with him Leonardo da Vinci back to
    France
  • Other European kings wanted a piece of the
    Renaissance

48
Northern Renaissance
  • 1440Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable metal
    type for the printing press
  • This innovation allowed for more books to be
    printed

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Gutenberg Bible
51
Northern Renaissance
  • French Renaissance
  • Chateauxcastles built with a mixture of Gothic
    and classical style
  • French writers wrote sonnets, satires, comic
    tales, and parodies

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Northern Renaissance
  • Germany and the Low Countries
  • German and Dutch began to replace Latin in
    writing
  • Lots of books were printed
  • Art took on a very religious tone
  • Humanism and Christianity were blended
    togetherChristian Humanists

54
Northern Renaissance
  • Germany and the Low Countries
  • Christian Humanists wanted to Church to be more
    like the original Church
  • Most famous Christian humanistDesiderius Erasmus
  • Erasmus believed his colleagues should be able to
    read Greek and Hebrew so they could read the
    original version of the Bible

55
Erasmus
56
Northern Renaissance
  • Germany and the Low Countries
  • 2 Flemish brothers changed the way painting was
    doneJan and Hubert van Eyck
  • They were the 1st to use oil paints
  • Allowed for brighter colors
  • Easy to make changes

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Northern Renaissance
  • Germany and the Low Countries
  • Albrecht Durer was another artist known for his
    Renaissance works
  • He created painting and wood cuts

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Northern Renaissance
  • English Renaissance
  • 1485The War of the Roses is over in England and
    the Renaissance comes to England
  • The English Renaissance was known for its writers

63
Northern Renaissance
  • English Renaissance
  • Sir Thomas More was a very famous English
    Humanist
  • He criticized English society in his Book Utopia

64
Sir Thomas More
65
Northern Renaissance
  • English Renaissance
  • William Shakespeare is probably the most famous
    English Renaissance writer
  • He wrote plays, sonnets, and essays
  • Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar,
    Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Nights Dream,
    Othello, etc.

66
William Shakespeare
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