The Cold War

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The Cold War
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Unit Opener
Read page 530. Complete the following chart
How might being caught in a struggle between
superpowers affect a developing nation? Explain
in detail.
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XI. The Cold War

• A. The United Nations
• 1. overview
• an international peacekeeping organization
• purpose is to preserve world peace
• forum to settle world conflicts without
  resorting to war or violence
• member nations provide military personnel to
  settle disputes and keep peace

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• consists of agencies to deal with world problems
• human rights
• disease
• poverty
• hunger
• environmental pollution

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• General Assembly
• all members represented
• each nation one vote (simple majority)
• decisions non binding

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• 3. Security Council
• power of the UN
• 15 members
• 10 nations serve 2 year terms (selected by
  General Assembly)
• 5 permanent US, Soviet Union, Great Britain,
  France, China (have veto power)
• decisions are binding

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United Nations
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Billboard

• Promote 4 Soviet or American values
• Use symbols, pictures, and a few words or slogans
  
• Scrawl graffiti (from the other country) on the
  bottom of your billboard
• Should be colorful and visually appealing

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B. Ideology

• 1. conflicting goals
• clash of ideas between the U.S. and Soviet Union
• used words, diplomacy, propaganda, spying, and
  secret, hostile operations against each other
• engaged in an arms race nuclear weapons

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• the West U.S. allies
• Eastern bloc Soviet Union allies
• non-aligned Third World (developing countries)
• U.S. and Soviet Union competed for influence
  over Third World nations

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• Soviet Union
• goal to protect its territory from Western
  threats
• created satellite nations to act as a buffer
  zone and help support the Soviet economy
• Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania,
  Bulgaria, East Germany

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• United States
• goal for European nations to have democratic
  govts and capitalist economies for trade
• contain the spread of communism

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• division of Germany
• divided into 4 zones of occupation
• each zone controlled by an Allied power
• city of Berlin divided into 4 zones
• inside Soviet zone

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• Soviet zone East Germany
• (German Democratic Republic)
• Western zone West Germany
• (Federal Republic of Germany)

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2. NATO and the Warsaw Pact

• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
• military alliance of 12 Western nations
• defensive alliance
• Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Soviet defensive alliance

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Communism in China

• Choose
• NATO
• Warsaw Pact
• Explain 3 advantages or disadvantages of China
  becoming communist

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Bell Ringer 1

• After WWII Germany was divided into 2 separate
  nations.
• List as many problems as you can that might
  exist when a country becomes divided.
• Explain how the U.S. might be different today if
  we were divided between the South and North.

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3. Chinese Communist Revolution

• Communist leader Mao Zedong
• organized peasants
• supported by Soviets
• Nationalist leader Jiang Jieshi
• supported by U.S.
• Communists win, Nationalists flee to the island
  of Formosa (Taiwan)

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• 2 separate Chinas were formed
• Peoples Republic of China Communists on
  mainland
• Republic of China Nationalist - Taiwan
• United Nations (UN) recognized the Republic of
  China

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4. Korea

• aftermath of WWII
• Japan surrendered to the Soviets in the North
  and U.S. in the South
• 38th parallel
• June 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea
• U.S. policy of containment was being tested

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• South Korea asked the UN for help
• the Soviets were absent
• upset over UN recognizing Nationalist China
• UN Security Council voted to help South Korea
• 15 nations sent troops
• Douglas MacArthur (US) was named commanding
  general

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Bell Ringer 2

• Tell me what you know about the War in Iraq.
• Why did the war start?
• What are we fighting for?
• Why are people protesting?
• Why do people want the U.S. to leave?
• What might happen if we leave?

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5. Vietnam

• was a colony of Frances
• fought against Ho Chi Minh (Vietminh League)
  Communists
• Ho defeated the French, which made the U.S.
  nervous (domino theory)
• at the Geneva Peace Conference Vietnam was
  divided North and South

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• 17th parallel
• North Vietnam
• communist
• Ho Chi Minh
• South Vietnam
• anti-communist
• Ngo Dinh Diem (dictator)

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• Vietcong communist guerillas
• lived in the South
• wanted Vietnam to be communist
• backed by the North
• Aug. 1964 Congress authorized U.S. troops into
  Vietnam
• faced 2 problems
• guerilla warfare
• supported an unpopular govt.

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• the war became unpopular in the U.S.
• Nixon win presidency vowing to end the war
• Vietnamization gradually pull US troops out of
  Vietnam, let South increased its combat role
• bombed Laos and Cambodia (Ho Chi Minh Trail
  supply lines to Vietcong)

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• the U.S. pulled troops out of Vietnam in 1973
• within 2 years the North overran the South
• today Vietnam is one communist country

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Bell Ringer 3
Make a list of everything you remember about
Gandhi.
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6. Indias Independence

• India was home to two main religious groups
• Hindus 350 million
• Muslims 100 million
• Congress Party (Indian National Congress)
• Indias national political party
• mostly Hindu, some Muslims
• leader Gandhi

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• Muslim League
• founded to protect Muslim interests
• felt Congress Party only looked out for Hindu
  interests
• leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• did not want independence if Hindus gained
  control

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• as the British were ready to grant India
  independence the main question was Who should
  receive the power Hindus or Muslims?
• violent fighting broke out between the Hindus
  and Muslims
• August 1946, 4 days of clashes in Calcutta left
  5,000 dead and 15,000 hurt

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• partition
• India divided into two separate nations
• northwest and eastern regions would become
  Pakistan (Muslim)
• the remainder would be India (Hindu)
• July 16, 1947 Great Britain granted independence
  to India and Pakistan

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• millions of Indians had to decide where to go
• Hindus
• Muslims
• Sikhs
• as 10 million Indians started to relocate in the
  summer of 1947 violence erupted
• Muslims killed Sikhs who were moving into India
• Hindus and Sikhs killed Muslims who were headed
  to Pakistan
• about 1 million people died (including Gandhi,
  who was pleading for peace)

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