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Solids, Liquids, and Gases

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Materials exist as solids, liquids, and gases and sometimes as a ... Liquids: water, Coke, cooking oil, vinegar, gasoline, milk, honey, syrup, Mountain Dew ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Solids, Liquids, and Gases


1
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
  • By Neesa Howard

2
Overview
  • Materials exist as solids, liquids, and gases and
    sometimes as a mixture of the three states of
    matter.
  • A force of some kind must be put on the material
    in order for it to change from one state to
    another.
  • Examples pressure or temperature

3
Solids
  • A solid keeps its shape unless a force is put on
    it. Some examples of force are
  • Pushing
  • Temperature
  • Cutting
  • The molecules in solids are packed very tightly
    together and do not move around very much.
  • Solids can, book, sand, stapler, person, phone,
    computer, desk, pencil, rubberband

4
Liquids
  • Liquids
  • Take the shape of the container they are put in.
  • Are pulled by gravity to the bottom of the
    container and fill it as evenly as possible.
  • Might change shape, but never volume.
  • The molecules in a liquid are more free to move
    and are not packed as tightly together as those
    in a solid.
  • Liquids water, Coke, cooking oil, vinegar,
    gasoline, milk, honey, syrup, Mountain Dew

5
Gases
  • Gases
  • Fill the container they are in or just keep
    spreading out.
  • Do not keep their shape or definite volume.
  • The molecules in a gas are spread far apart and
    move freely about the container or atmosphere.
  • Gases oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium (in a
    balloon), air in a bicycle tire

6
Solids into Liquids
  • When you heat some solids, they melt and become
    liquids.
  • Melting Point the point at which a material
    melts (different depending on substance).
  • For example
  • The melting point for water is 0 Celsius. This
    is when (solid) ice turns into (liquid) water.
  • Butter is solid at room temperature but when
    heated, it becomes a liquid!

7
Dissolving
  • When you mix solids and liquids
  • Sometimes one will sink, while the other will
    float.
  • Other times, you will notice that the solid
    disappears. The solid is actually dissolving into
    the liquid.
  • When solids dissolve into liquids a solution is
    formed.
  • For Example
  • When you make Kool-Aid, the powder mix dissolves
    in the water.
  • Next, you add sugar and it too dissolves.
  • If you add too much sugar you have reached the
    saturation point and no more sugar will dissolve.

8
Solid to Liquid to Gas
  • When something is solid, the molecules are packed
    tightly and vibrate slowly.
  • When the molecules are heated, they vibrate
    faster and begin to spread out forming a liquid.
  • If the liquid is heated even more the particles
    vibrate so fast that they begin to escape from
    the liquid thus forming a gas.

9
How Water Changes States
  • Water is solid when the temperature is under 0
    Celsius.
  • At 0 Celsius, water becomes a liquid and remains
    liquid until it reaches 100 Celsius.
  • At 100 Celsius, the liquid becomes a gas and
    evaporates into the air.
  • The force acting upon the water in this case is
    temperature.

10
Reversible and Non Reversible Changes in Matter
  • Some changes are reversible, which means that you
    can change them back.
  • Examples Taking (liquid) water and freezing it
    so that it becomes (solid) ice. You can allow the
    ice to melt and it will become liquid once again.
  • Other changes are non reversible, which means
    that they can not change back to their original
    state.
  • Examples If you light a match the tip of the
    match goes from solid to gas but can not go back
    to solid because the molecules have escaped.

11
Quiz Yourself
  • _____ keeps their shape unless a force is acted
    upon it.
  • _____ have no fixed shape.
  • _____ take the shape of the container it is in.
  • What would happen to the gas inside a balloon if
    you popped it?
  • What is it called when a solid disappears into a
    liquid?
  • What is it called when the molecules in a gas
    disappear?

12
Quiz Answers
  • Solids keeps their shape unless a force is acted
    upon it.
  • Gases have no fixed shape.
  • Liquids take the shape of the container it is in.
  • What would happen to the gas inside a balloon if
    you popped it? The gas would escape into the
    atmosphere!
  • What is it called when a solid disappears into a
    liquid? The solid is dissolving and forming a
    solution.
  • What is it called when the molecules in a gas
    disappear? Evaporation

13
Test Your Knowledge
  • Visit the site below to see if you know your
    states of matter!
  • Click Here

14
References
  • Garrett, G. (2004). Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
    New York, NY Scholastic Inc.
  • http//thegreatwaterodyssey.com/images/soliqgas.gi
    f
  • http//www.abpischools.org.uk/resources/solids-liq
    uids-gases/slg2.asp
  • http//www.iit.edu/smile/ph9101.html
  • http//www.apqj64.dsl.pipex.com/sfa/slg.htm
  • http//www.btinternet.com/n.j.f/Y7science/resourc
    es/draganddrop/slgdragdrop.htm
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