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National, Transnational and International Womens Movements

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Title: National, Transnational and International Womens Movements


1
National, Transnational and International Womens
Movements
2
Womens Movements
  • What is a social movement?
  • a form of political mobilization in which
    membership and action is based on claims of
    justice "Social movements have in common
    individual mobilization through a sense of
    morality and (in)justice, and social power
    through social mobilization against deprivation
    and for survival and identity" (Fuentes and
    Gunder Frank, p.179) Voluntary collective action
  • Womens movement- where the preponderance of
    participants are women- can have many aims
  • Global scope and long history
  • Few areas of the world where women have not
    organized in some way
  • Feminist movements-movements aimed at improving
    the condition of women mostly womens movements
    White Ribbon Campaign

3
Why do womens movements matter?
  • On policy
  • More policy influence than parties, women in
    government, lobbying and other traditional
    avenues of influence
  • Influence through these other avenues depends on
    broader mobilization
  • Lasting change- changes minds, not just policies
    changes the realm of the possible in politics
    fundamental change social organization that
    undergirds formal politics

4
U.S. Womens Movements
  • Seneca Falls 1848 womens rights convention -
    Declaration of sentiments
  • Battle for womens suffrage here and abroad
  • Second Wave Feminism (1960-80s)-
  • Heels of civil rights movement- grew out of it
  • 1966- Formation of NOW
  • 1977 second wave feminism Womens Rights
    Convention in Houston
  • 1990s-Third Wave Feminists?
  • Vagina monologues sexuality issues more central

5
Womens Movement Tactics Traditional
Protest/Disruption
  • Iceland Supermarket Strike
  • Denmark protesters wrote on bellies
  • USA Hunger strikes Radical Cheerleaders
  • India Chipko Tree Huggers
  • Chaining themselves to Parliament fences
  • Shaming techniques for wife beaters
  • Greenham Common, UK Peace
  • Nigeria Nudity to disrupt meetings
  • Jamaica Street Theatre

6
New Social Movement Tactics
  • Everyday politics
  • Non-sexist language
  • Personal politics
  • Consumer choices
  • Alternative models of social organization
  • Cooperative businesses
  • Radically democratic forms of organization
  • Daycares, grocery stores, shared living quarters
  • Cultural Politics
  • Theatre, Music festivals, Movies
  • Books and literary criticism
  • Reform of religious practices, leadership
  • Seek to transform gender roles, redefine and
    revalue the feminine by offering new ideas and
    critiquing old ones

7
Womens Transnational Organizing
  • Global movement history
  • 1915 1,000 women met, the Hague, WILPF
  • 1975 Mexico City- First big intergovernmental
    conference on womens status
  • 1980- Copenhagen 1985 Nairobi
  • 1990s a series of conferences- 1993 HRights
  • 1995 Beijing FWCW (Fourth World Conference for
    Women)
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