Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests

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Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests

• David Maier
• Many thanks to Lois Delcambre, Tim Tolle and
• the rest of the team for slides
• April 19, 2002

2
Project Factoids

• Duration 3 years
• Funding NSF (Digital Government, SGER, REU), US
  Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management,
  National Park Service
• Participants
• Adaptive Management Areas (Tim Tolle)
• Oregon Graduate Institute (Lois Delcambre, David
  Maier, Patty Toccalino, Fred Phillips, Niki
  Steckler, Marianne Koch)
• Portland State University (Len Shapiro)
• UNLV (Craig Palmer)
• Natural Resource Information Specialist (Eric
  Landis)
• Federal Agencies Forest Service (Northwest
  Region), PNW Research Station, Bureau of Land
  Management, National Science Foundation, Fish and
  Wildlife Service
• Location Western Washington, Oregon and
  California

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Adaptive Management Areas
4
Plan
Set
Directions
 
Evaluate
Continuous
(Lessons
Act
Management
Learned)
Monitor
Gather
Information
Adaptive Management of Forest Lands
5
Adaptive Forest Management Portal

• Make information developed by and relevant to
  AMAs available and easily searchable by a range
  of users
• Forest scientists
• Resource managers
• Are concentrating on documents
• Agencies do well with GIS data
• Not as great interest in base data as in
  interpretations and analyses of that data
• Series of portals
• toy portal
• test portal
• prototype portal
• deployed portal

6
What We Need to Build the Portal

• Technology pieces
• Try to use existing systems as much as possible
• Net-accessible document storage
• Hope that ultimately most document producers will
  maintain their own repositories
• But need a separate document manager short term
  and for orphan documents
• Browser-based upload is good

7
Document Identification

• Half-life of a URL is 63 days
• What can we pass out to users that is a reliable
  reference?
• Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
• Publishers assign, public resolution services
• Limitation Can only give DOIs to own works
• Handles
• Basis for DOIs
• Limitation Have to run your own resolution
  service

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Notional Architecture
Document Registration Upload
Document Acceptance
Metadata Provisioning
Search Browse
Metadata
Portal Pages
Document Proxies
External Repository
Internal Repository
9
Beyond the Basics

• Full-text keyword search
• Geographic selection and display (more later)
• End-user Collection, Linking, Annotation Capture
  added value from efforts of users
• All documents (or document fragments) on stream
  restoration and bull trout
• Forward links from analysis to restoration plan
• Maybe even recombinant documents

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Development of Additional Technology and Domain
Knowledge

• User Scenarios
• Controlled vocabularies
• Metadata model
• Support for metadata attachment and
  metadata-based browsing
• Exploiting structure within documents.
• Other work underway
• Inhibitors and promoters of information sharing
  in organizations
• Portal business models
• GIS interface

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Gathering Knowledge
Requirements Interviews Workshops Focus groups
Target User Natural resource manager
Requirements Interviews User scenarios
Target Information Documents
Articulation of domains of interest Identificatio
n of controlled vocabularies Evaluation of
controlled vocabularies Identification of
cross-references Identification of functional
relationships
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AFIDkeywords.doc

• mistletoes
• root diseases
• rots and decays
• foliage diseases
• cankers
• rusts
• seedling diseases
• bark beetles
• wood borers
• defoliators
• seed and cone insects
• shoot and twig insects
• sucking insects
• silvicultural treatments
• thinning
• salvage
• sanitation
• pruning

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esa_terms.xls (excerpt)

• Act
• Action
• Action Area
• Affect/effect
• Anticipated/allowable/authorized
• Applicant
• Best available scientific commercial data
• Biodiversity
• Biological Assessment
• Biological opinion
• Candidate species
• Candidate Conservation Agreement with
• Assurances
• CITES
• Conference
• Conservation
• Conservation measures
• Conservation plan

Conservation recommendations Constituent
elements Critical habitat Cumulative effects
(ESA) Cumulative effects (ESA) Delist Destruction
or adverse modification of critical
habitat Director Distinct Population
Segment Downlist Early consultation Ecosystem Effe
cts of the action Endangered species Environmental
baseline ESA
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climate_terms.xls (excerpt)

• CLIMATE - TERMS
• ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE
• ADVECTION
• ADIABATIC
• AIR MASS
• ALBEDO
• ANEMOMETER
• ANNUAL FLOOD
• ANOMALY
• ARIDITY
• ASPECT
• BAR
• BAROMETER
• BIOCLIMATIC
• BOWEN RATIO

BPI PAN BULK DENSITY CLASS A PAN CLIMATOLOGICAL
OBSERVATION CONVECTION DAILY MEAN DAY DEGREE DEGRE
E DAY DEW DEW POINT DROUGHT DRY BULB
THERMOMETER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FETCH
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Provinces
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Building Knowledge Management Technology
Multiple CVs for a domain, cross-referenced Simila
rity search Multiple thesauri with distinct
relationships Metadata attachment
Search Knowledge Entry Knowledge Browsing
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Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science
Team

• Thesaurusnew version of Metadata
• MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance
  for finding keywords
• Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing
  searching of individual documents

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Thesaurus Terms Relationships
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Thesaurus Terms Relationships
synonym relationships
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Thesaurus Terms Relationships
functional relationships similarity search!
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Thesaurus

• Broader-term-narrower-term
• Exploited by the search (on user request)
• If you attach a narrow termattach all broader
  terms as well
• If you search for a termsearch for all narrow
  terms as well

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Thesaurus

• Broader-term-narrower-term
• But different users might want to group terms
  different ways
• Can this work? Yeswe support multiple
  perspectives

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Search Blue terms wild card, black terms
mandatory
Shows the attachment path for the document
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Templates for Metadata Entry
Location
Climate
Hydrology
Soil
Planning
Authorizing Location
Keywords
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New ActivityExploiting GIS Services

• Want to take advantage of GIS interfaces and
  functionality
• Uses in connection with Metadata
• Term selection Using user-selected areas on GIS
  dataset to produce search terms
• Relationship server Use GIS to produce related
  location terms, e.g., spatial synonyms
• Result display Represent found documents as an
  additional layer user can view in GIS
• All rely on knowing a location term/region ID
  correspondence

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Geographic Selection
Search Browse

Map-based term selection
selected region IDs
Metadata
GIS
location terms relationships
location term- region ID correspondence
GIS Data
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Relationship Determination
Term Navigation

GIS-based relationships
region IDs
Metadata
GIS
related region IDs
location terms relationships
location term- region ID correspondence
GIS Data
34
Result Display
Selected Documents
Result Display

Map-based display
region IDs
Metadata
GIS
location terms relationships
location term- region ID correspondence
GIS Data
35
Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science
Team

• Thesaurusnew version of Metadata
• MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance
  for finding keywords
• Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing
  searching of individual documents

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MetaData eXtract

• Metadata attachment may take some time
• MDX helps by suggesting terms from Thesaurus
• Results are suggested to the user interactively

The district silviculturalist at the McKenzie
Ranger District on the Willamette National Forest
is working on an EIS for a timber sale located
within the upper McKenzie watershed. During the
scoping process, the silviculturalist and rest of
the IDT identified two areas in particular where
the objectives would be to promote and accelerate
the development of late successional
characteristics over time. Both areas are
located within Douglas-fir forest types one
within a Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape plant
association, or potential vegetation type, and
one in a riparian reserve that has a plant
association of Western hemlock/Oregon oxalis......
Willamette National Forest
McKenzie Ranger District
Douglas-fir
Western hemlock
potential vegetation
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What is a match?
Exact matches are important
The district silviculturalist at the McKenzie
Ranger District on the Willamette National Forest
is working on an EIS for a timber sale located
within the upper McKenzie watershed. During the
scoping process, the silviculturalist and rest of
the IDT identified two areas in particular where
the objectives would be to promote and accelerate
the development of late successional
characteristics over time. Both areas are
located within Douglas-fir forest types one
within a Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape plant
association, or potential vegetation type, and
one in a riparian reserve that has a plant
association of Western hemlock/Oregon oxalis......

• Mackenzie Ranger District
• Willamette National Forest

But what about partial matches?

• Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape
• Western Hemlock
• Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape-salal
• Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape/Oregon oxalis

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Standard Metadata
Thesaurus Terms
Title
AMA PORTAL PROJECT PRESCRIPTION SCENARIO
Tim Tolle
Author

Attached Metadata
Path
Term
Region 5
Location/USFS Lands
Klamath Forest
Location/USFS Lands/Region 5
MDX Suggested Terms
Context
Term
Douglas Fir
...within Douglas-fir forest types one ...
McKenzie Ranger District
...silviculturalist at the McKenzie Ranger
District on...
Woody debris
per acre and amount of downed woody debris left
in the stands would
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Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science
Team

• Thesaurusnew version of Metadata
• MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance
  for finding keywords
• Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing
  searching of individual documents

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Schematics Decision Letter
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Schematics Review Letter
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The Appeal Decision Schematic
num
date
id
11
0
11
1
Appeal
regard
cover
Decision
Appeal Decision
11
0
loc
desc
1
11
11
issuer
define
result
concern
11
request
11
0
1
Determination
resolve
Issue
0
11
1
Appellant
status
desc
role
desc
11
review
behalf
response
01
11
0
Reviewing Officer
Deciding Officer
Organization
title
title
address
respondent For
respondent For
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Part of a Populated Schematic
Appeal Decision (AD1)
cover (c1)
regard (r1)
Decision (D1)
Appeal (A1)
loc
issuer
concern (n1)
define (d1)
date
Issue (I1)
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Part of a (different) Populated Schematic
Appeal (A1)
define (d1)
define (d2)
define (d3)
resolve (r1)
Determination (D1)
resolve (r1)
Determination (D1)
resolve (r1)
Issue (I2)
Determination (D1)
Issue (I2)
Issue (I2)
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Querying a Superimposed Schematic
For Appeal Decisions made in the last two years,
what Appellant Issues were raised for Decisions
concerning the Mount Hood National Forest
Issue AppealDecision(id"1570-1-0032-10").conce
rn(order1) The decision violates the Federal
Advisory Committee Act (FACA). The illegal
advisory committee played a central role in
influencing the Forest Service Decision. Issue
AppealDecision(id"1570-1-0032-10").concern(order
2) The decision significantly reduces hunting
opportunity and habitat for deer and elk. Issue
AppealDecision(id"1570-1-0035-13").concern(orde
r1) The District Ranger's decision is not in
accordance with the legal requirements of the
National Environmental Policy Act, the National
Forest Management Act, and the Forest and
Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning
Act. Issue AppealDecision(id"1570-1-0038-19")
.concern(order1) Current stand condition is
not adequately addressed, impacts on soil quality
are not addressed, and that impacts to various
species are not considered, including several
late successional species, survey and manage
species, and management indicator species.