Direct Leadership Techniques

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Direct Leadership Techniques
Open sample goals on web
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Direct Leadership Techniques

• Methods and approaches used when leading
  individuals and groups in parks, recreation, and
  leisure settings
• Working with people directly in a face-to-face
  situation

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3 Phases of Direct Leadership

• Preparation
• Group composition
• Activity planning
• Risk management
• The environment (setting the tone)
• Goals Objectives
• Priming the Group
• Delivery

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Group size
• What difference does a group of 5 vs 35 make?

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Group size
• Large group
• More structure
• More equipment
• Difficult to divide them into smaller groups
• Need larger play areas
• Small group
• Complete activities quicker
• Play together better
• Less inhibited

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Gender
• Men/boys
• competitive programs
• Women/girls
• Group activities
• Socialization
• Dont selected gendered activities

Eg. Floor Hockey
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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Age
• Range of ages
• Leadership style differs
• Behavior management
• Complexity of instructions
• Impacts activity preference ability
• Appropriateness of activities

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Abilities
• Full participation is the goal!!!
• Adapt activities /or equipment
• Fitness level of group?
• Wheelbarrow races
• Crawling
• Change leadership
• Working with people with disabilities

Focus of KNR 270
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1. Preparation Group Composition

• Deafness
• Speak directly to the person not the
  interpreter
• Choose activities that do not rely solely on
  hearing a cue reacting quickly (ie. Musical
  chairs, hot potato)
• Interpreter is not a player

Focus of KNR 270
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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Experience
• Beginners
• More hands on
• More repetition
• More structure
• Be aware of sequencing, pacing progression
• Advanced
• More challenges
• Less leader interaction

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Reasons for participation
• Fun
• Skill building
• Forced
• Need to be motivated to participate
• Need more leader interaction

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1. Preparation Group Composition

• What to think about.
• Do they know each other?
• Less timid
• Group cohesion time
• Build trust

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Write it down!!!!
• Plan extra activities
• Be flexible
• See sample.

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Top information
• Equipment list request online (2 days in
  advance)
• Goals Objectives

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Goals
• A clear general statement about what the agency
  wishes to accomplish through its programs.
• Broad in nature
• Non-measurable

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Goals
• Example
• To have the participants get to know each other
• To build teamwork among participants
• To teach Ultimate Frisbee
• Develop group cohesion

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Objectives
• A specific operational statement related to
  desired accomplishments.
• Objectives are derived from goals and the meeting
  of them leads to the satisfaction of goals.

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Answer ABCD's
• Audience - who
• Behavior - what
• Condition - how
• Degree -when

A word about fun
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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Goal Participants will learn the rules of golf
• Objectives
• All participants will be given a book of golf
  rules will be expected to read the entire book
  before the third class
• All participants will follow all rules of golf
  that were learned from reading the rule book
  during the end of class tournament.

Condition
Audience
Degree
Behavior
A word about fun
http//www.cast.ilstu.edu/hurd/knr171/goalsobj.ht
m
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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Pre-activity arrangement
• All set in advance!
• Minimize onsite planning
• Attention getter Transitions
• Activity
• Contingency plan

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Activity selection
• Appropriate activities based on the mentioned
  elements
• Activities that are uncomfortable to play
• Pass orange, crab walk
• Banned activities..

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1. Preparation Activity Planning

• Dodgeball or any form of it where balls are
  thrown at people, ie. Bombardment, Spud
• Red Rover, Tug of War, Kickball, Whiffleball
• Any games that eliminate players or leave players
  standing around doing nothing, ie. Duck, Duck,
  Goose Hot Potato Knockout
• Any games that are dominated by one gender over
  another, ie floor hockey

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1. Preparation Risk Management

• Risk management
• Minimizing the likelihood of injuries and
  accidents

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1. Preparation Risk Management

• Proper staffing
• Number
• Qualifications
• Do you know enough about participants to be safe?
• Abilities
• Medical history

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1. Preparation Risk Management

• Activities appropriate for the group
• Hiking the Rockys with seniors
• Banned Activities
• Tackling games
• Safe facilities equipment
• Examples
• Do trust falls on the concrete
• Lacking proper equipment
• Improper floor

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1. Preparation Risk Management

• Examples from class
• Suckers in mouths while playing
• Dizzy bats
• Equipment not moved out of the way
• Rubber bases

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1. Preparation The Environment

• Effective leaders positively manipulate the
  environment
• Manipulation artful handling of a situation
• It sets the mood
• Ie. Color, light, sound

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1. Preparation The Environment

• Noise, sounds, music, light
• Bars, malls, restaurants
• Sound levels
• Music in classspecial events
• Decorations
• Ie, Special events

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1. Preparation The Environment

• Arrange space for maximum safety
• Remove extra chairs equipment
• Benches tables
• Keep equipment out of the way of activities
• Clothes pins, balls, bean bags

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1. Preparation The Environment

• Arrange space for maximum efficiency
• Arrange equipment before people arrive
• Put it in order
• Accessible to leaders
• Name tags, clothespins
• Be ready to go when the group arrives

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1. Preparation The Environment

• Arrange activity for maximum effectiveness
• Placement of activities next to each other
• 2 activities with music side by side?
• 2 activities with multiple balls flying side by
  side
• Type of room
• gym vs. classroom

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Preparation Phase

• A final thought.
• Always be prepared
• Know what you are doing activity plans
• Be flexible
• Entire plan should flow
• Plan extra activities

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2. Priming the Group

• Sets the tone for the day
• First impressions
• Being organized
• Being enthused
• Show confidence

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2. Priming the Group

• Get the groups attention
• No yelling
• No starring
• Try bells, horns, clapping, stomping, whistling,
  snapping fingers

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2. Priming the Group

• Divide the group
• Plan this!
• Avoid
• Team captains
• Counting off
• Or by gender
• Some methods
• Cardsexample
• Starbursts
• Line up according to a characteristic, choose
  every other one (birth date, ice cream choice)
• Color of stars, name tags
• Popsicle sticks

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2. Priming the Group

• Learning Names
• Builds trust cohesion
• Use name tags if necessary
• Play name games
• Ice breakers
• Use names as much as possible

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3. Delivery

• Introduce the Activity
• Identify yourself until they all know you
• Name the activity
• Identify the goal of the activity
• Tell a story
• I used to play this game when I was a kid
• Platform Picnic
• Fact or fictional

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3 Phases of Direct Leadership

• Preparation
• Priming the Group
• Delivery
• Intro activity
• Directions
• Play modify if needed
• Transitions
• Conclusions

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3. Delivery

• Give directions
• Group positionbring them together
• KISS
• KIP keep it positive
• What players can do
• Give equipment after directions

Practice!
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3. Delivery

• Introduce the Activity
• Voice
• Gym requires loud voice
• No slang
• Deal with outside noises
• You guys

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3 Phases of Direct Leadership

• Preparation
• Priming the Group
• Delivery
• Intro activity
• Directions
• Play modify if needed
• Transitions
• Conclusions

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3. Delivery

• Play
• Be involved with the group leader /or group
  members
• Modify if needed
• Stop or change an activity if it isnt working.
• Cat Mouse tag

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3. Delivery

• Modify if needed
• Identify what elements can be modified
• Equipment weight, size, number
• Space distance, height
• Time minutes, repetitions
• Force - speed
• Rules simplify, reduce, eliminate, clarify

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3 Phases of Direct Leadership

• Preparation
• Priming the Group
• Delivery
• Intro activity
• Directions
• Transitions
• Conclusions

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3. Delivery

• Transitions between two or more different
  experiences
• Maintain momentum
• Minimize downtime
• Keep the flow of activities
• May be division of groups
• What is similar between them
• Location
• Outside activities vs. inside activities
• Equipment
• Scooters for activities 1 2 rather than 1 3

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3 Phases of Direct Leadership

• Preparation
• Priming the Group
• Delivery
• Intro activity
• Directions
• Transitions
• Conclusions

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3. Delivery

• Concluding the activity
• Stop when they are having fun
• Plan the conclusion
• What have you learned?
• Summarize the day
• Leave on a positive note
• Get group to pick up equipment (ie. Legos)

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Some tips rules.

• Protect clean the gym floor
• Pinata, corn, sunflower seeds
• Appropriate activities
• 21st b-day party
• No elimination, downtime, tackling, minimize
  physical contact activities
• With children especially - minimize winners
  losers

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Some tips rules.

• Banned Activities
• Creativity counts
• Leaders should be dressed appropriately.
• 3 Bs
• Clean, well pressed, professional
• Proper use of equipment
• Kicking volleyballs, throwing footballs at gym
  wall
• Help each other with equipment returns