Section 2 Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia

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Section 2 Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia

• I. Geography of Southeast Asia

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• Setting the Scene
• Buddhism was one of many exports from
• India that had a profound effect on the
• peoples of Southeast Asia. Sandwiched
• between China and India, the region
• known today as Southeast Asia was
• strongly influenced by both of these
• powerful neighbors. Yet the distinct
• cultures of Southeast Asia retained their
• own unique identities.

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A. Location

• Southeast Asia consists of two major regions
• Mainland SE Asia Island SE Asia

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• Location
• The mainland is separated from the rest of Asia
  by mountains and high plateaus

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A. Location

• Mountains separate four river valleys that were
• home to early civilizations
• the Irrawaddy, Chao Phraya, Mekong, and Red

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• B. Trade Routes in the Southern Seas
• The monsoons, or seasonal winds, shaped
• trading patterns

Summer monsoons
Winter monsoons
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B. Trade Routes in the Southern Seas

• Ships have to pass through the Malacca or Sunda
  straits - whoever controlled the straits
  controlled trade

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C. Early Traditions

• The peoples of Southeast Asias river valleys
• developed their own unique cultures

Shwedagon Pagoda Rangoon, Myanmar
Thailand
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II. Impact of India

• 500 and 1000 A.D. - Merchants, Hindus, and
• Buddhists spread Indian culture in SE Asia

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II. Impact of India

• 1200s - Muslims ruled northern India and
• traders spread Islam throughout the islands of
• SE Asia

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III. New Kingdoms and Empires

• A blend of Indian influences and local cultures
• produced kingdoms and empires in SE Asia

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• A. Pagan
• The kingdom of Pagan arose in the fertile rice-
• growing Irrawaddy Valley (Myanmar)

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A. Pagan
1044 - King Anawrahtar united the region and made
Pagan a major Buddhist center
The Ananda Temple, Pagan
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• A. Pagan
• 1287 - Pagan fell to the Mongols

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• B. The Khmer Empire
• 800 to 1350 - The Khmer empire controlled
• Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia

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• B. The Khmer Empire
• 1100s - King Suryavarman II built a great
• temple complex at Angkor Wat

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• B. The Khmer Empire
• Angkor Wat temple - hundreds of carved
• figures tell Hindu myths and glorify the king

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• C. Srivijaya
• The trading empire of Srivijaya flourished from
• the 600s to the 1200s

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IV. Vietnam Emerges

• Unlike the rest of SE Asia, Annam was
• influenced more by China than by India

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A. Chinese Domination

• 111 B.C. - Han armies conquered Vietnam
• and remained in control for 1,000 years

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• B. Resistance

939 - Vietnam broke free from China when the Tang
dynasty collapsed
In AD 39, two noble sisters, Trung Trac and Trung
Nhi, led an uprising that briefly drove the
Chinese occupiers from the land. They tried to
restore a simpler form of government based on
ancient Vietnamese traditions
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C. Religion
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C. Religion

• Most of the worlds major religions are
  represented in the region