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Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni

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Astrology. Mathematics. Physics. Philosophy. Law. Anthropology. Psychology. Comparative religion ... 'It is rare until modern times to find so fair and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni


1
Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni
  • By Jess Regnier and Clara Lundgren

2
Biography
  • Born in Khwarazm in 973
  • Political Events in 995
  • Al-Biruni flees to Rayy, returns in 997

3
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4
  • Political Changes
  • Mahmud of Ghazna
  • Died in 1048

5
Scholarly Endeavors
  • Chemistry
  • Astrology
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Philosophy
  • Law
  • Anthropology
  • Psychology
  • Comparative religion
  • Indology
  • History

6
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7
Anthropology
  • Father of Anthropology
  • "No one will deny that in questions of historic
    authenticity hearsay does not equal eyewitness
    for in the latter the eye of the observer
    apprehends the substance of that which is
    observed, both in the time when and in the place
    where it exists, whilst hearsay has its peculiar
    drawbacks."

8
Psychology
  • Discovery of reaction time

9
Comparative Religion
  • "It is rare until modern times to find so fair
    and unprejudiced a statement of the views of
    other religions, so earnest an attempt to study
    them in the best sources, and such care to find a
    method which for this branch of study would be
    both rigorous and just."
  • Biruni "is admirably objective and unprejudiced
    in his presentation of facts" but "selects facts
    in such a way that he makes a strong case for
    holding that there is a certain unity in the
    religious experience of the peoples he considers,
    even though he does not appear to formulate this
    view explicitly."

10
Indology
  • Father of Indology
  • Fluent in Turkish, Persian, Sanskript, Hebrew,
    Syriac, Arabic

11
History
  • History is the record of human society, or world
    civilization of the changes that take place in
    the nature of that society, such as savagery,
    sociability, and group solidarity of revolutions
    and uprisings by one set of people against
    another with the resuting kingdoms and states,
    with their various ranks of the different
    activities and occupations of men, whether for
    gaining their livelihood or in the various
    sciences and crafts and, in general of all the
    transformations that society undergoes by its
    very nature.

12
8 Sources of Error in Historical Writing
  • Partisanship towards a creed or opinion
  • Overconfidence in ones sources
  • Failure to understand what is intended
  • Mistaken belief in the truth
  • Inability to place an event in its real context
  • Desire to gain the favor of those of high rank
  • Ignorance of the laws
  • exaggeration

13
Lasting Influence
  • Cultural comparisons
  • Un-biased approach
  • Historical perspective
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