Opticon JRA5: Smart Focal Planes

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• Opticon JRA5 Smart Focal Planes
• Colin Cunningham
• 5th September 2007
• UK ATC (UK), Univ Durham (UK), LAM (FR), CRAL
  (FR), IAC (SP), IoA Cambridge (UK), TNO/TPD (NL),
  ESO-INS (Int), ASTRON (NL), CSEM (SW),
  INAF-Padova (IT), UNIBrem (GE), Reflex s r o (CZ)
  , AAO (UK/Aus)

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Objectives

• Evaluate, develop and prototype of technologies
  for Smart Focal Planes
• Build up and strengthen a network of expertise in
  Europe, and encourage mobility between partners
• Engage European Industry in the development of
  technologies which can be batch produced to
  enable future complex instruments to be built
  economically
• Enable these technologies to be developed to the
  stage where they can be considered for the next
  generation of telescopes

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Science Motivation Multi IFU Spectroscopy

• Prominent Science Cases
• 1. First light the highest-redshift galaxies
• 2. Physics of high-redshift galaxies
• Secondary Science Cases
• 1. Resolved Stellar populations
• 2. Initial Mass Function in stellar clusters

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Multi-Slit Spectroscopy

• Multi-slit spectroscopy in the NIR provides an
  alternative, which may be better fitted to some
  science cases
• MOSFIRE on Keck gt TMT instrument
• Image courtesy Ian McLean (UCLA)

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Methodology

• Start with Instrument concepts to define
  technology requirements SmartMOS SmartMOMSI
• Develop and prototype technology
• Feed lessons back into iterations of instrument
  concepts
• Feed this into ELT instrument Design Studies and
  Phase A studies
• Very successful gt EAGLE SMOS consortia

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WP1 Management, systems design and systems
engineering

• Ensure the JRA meets its goals, within financial
  and time constraints. Enable clear communications
  between teams and to the OPTICON management team.
  Facilitate an open process for deciding which
  technologies to progress. Yes
• Develop and revise the existing Technology
  Roadmap Use the roadmap to aid decisions making
  on which technologies to prototype. Identify new
  technologies. Yes
• Fix requirements and specification to provide
  realistic and measurable goals for technology
  studies. Develop and evaluate concepts for future
  instruments using Smart Focal Planes. Yes
• Evaluate technology requirements and challenges
  which are common to many of the Smart Focal Plane
  devices, such as metrology, cryogenic mechanism
  reliability including tribology, position sensing
  and actuation. Yes

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Objectives WP2 Technology Development

• Develop areas of technology which offer key
  performance enhancements for multi-object and
  integral field spectroscopy, and are feasible for
  prototyping in the near-term Yes
• Develop manufacturing techniques to enable batch
  production. Partial

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WP2.1 Image slicers

• Develop smooth image slicer optics for the
  visible, develop transmissive devices, replacing
  linear arrays of mirrors by customised arrays of
  small lenses. Industrialisation of these
  manufacturing processes. Yes used for VLT-MUSE
• Investigate solutions for the measurement of
  small aperture, complex optical surface. Yes
• Develop the currently available analysis and
  simulation tools for IFU design. No being done
  for VLT-KMOS
• Explore optical replication techniques for slicer
  production Yes

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WP2.2 Beam Manipulators

• Cryogenic pick-off arms Investigate higher
  angular resolution and alternatives for
  positioning. Investigate methods for improving
  thermal performance. Compare optical designs for
  increasing the field of view. Explore cost
  effective technologies and design options for
  batch production. Develop prototype devices. No
  part of development programme for KMOS
• Beam Steering Mirrors. Investigate technology
  required for miniaturisation of beam steering
  devices. Explore cost effective technologies and
  design options for batch production . Prototype
  key elements. Yes
• Robotic manipulators (Starbugs) Develop
  concepts for robotic mirror positioners and
  optical layouts to act as spectrometer feeds.
  Develop prototype devices. Yes and devised and
  developed Starpicker

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WP3.1 Fibre Systems

• Study new ways to manufacture high quality
  fibre-based IFUs for the wavelength range 0.35 -
  2.5 microns. No not a priority from Instrument
  concept studies
• Consider how fibre IFUs can be miniaturised for
  multi-object applications. No as above
• Identify suitable fibre core material for
  cryogenic operation. No as above
• Explore concepts for efficiently deploying fibre
  IFUs. Concepts of vacuum-held and robotically
  deployed fibre systems considered

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WP3.2 Reconfigurable Slits and Masks

• Investigate concepts and predicted performance of
  Cryo mechanisms for actuators and linear slides.
  Yes
• Evaluate current availability of data for
  relevant materials properties at cryogenic
  temperatures, and identify where future work is
  needed. Some work done
• Evaluate challenges for sensing and metrology,
  including slit configuration measuring systems.
  Yes
• Investigate friction-stiction and particle
  production and contamination issues for slit
  mechanisms. Yes

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WP3.3 MOEMS

• Review and visit European micro-technology
  labs/industries to evaluate capabilities and
  stimulate interest in developing programmable
  slit devices using existing technologies
  Investigate exploitation of other research
  programmes, e.g. JWST NIRSpec ESA studies and
  devices from different application sectors Yes
• Model NIRSpec multi slit device and evaluate
  impact in the design and operation of a future
  spectrograph. Yes
• Develop existing laboratory test systems for
  MOEMS operating in a cryogenic environment and in
  the infrared regime if possible. Yes

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WP4 Trade off Study

• Evaluate the technologies against the science and
  functional requirements. Carry out risk analysis
  and cost estimates. Choose technologies to
  prototype. Yes as part of instrument concept
  studies
• Identify requirements for future developments of
  other technologies. Yes eg cooled DMs
• Review technology options to agree most
  productive technologies to progress in Phase B.
  Yes - gt development of Starpicker

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WP5 Management and Systems Engineering (Phase B)

• Continuation of Phase A, with specific emphasis
  on roadmapping. Partial
• Continuation of evaluation of risks and
  challenges in the provision of enabling
  technologies, including identifying routes for
  further development Yes
• Culminating in a report which details the way
  forward to multiobject and multiple field
  spectroscopy with Extremely Large Telescopes and
  current facilities. Need overtaken by ELT DS
  instrument studies and ELT Instrument working
  group report

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Phase B

• WP6 Prototype Technologies Design Build and
  test prototype devices and subsystems. In
  progress
• WP7 Verify Technology Design, build, and test
  laboratory test equipment, and evaluate the new
  technology prototype devices in test equipment.
  Demonstrate manufacturability of chosen
  technology. In progress
• WP8 Feasibility studies Continue studies of
  feasibility of technologies with medium to
  long-term availability and potential high
  performance Yes MOEMS devices

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Technology Highlights
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Slit mechanism

• Slit mechanism developed for ESA by CSEM
• Developed further under SFP programme
• Improved manufacture techniques for slides

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Swiss Technology in Keck MOSFIRE instrument

• UCLA building Keck NIR MOS instrument with CSEM
  slit mechanism
• first time they have gone to European procurement

Courtesy Ian McLean, UCLA
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Multi-object Multi-IFU Spectrometers WFSPEC
MOMSI in FP6 ELT design study
S-MOMSI
KMOS
MOMSI
WFSPEC
EAGLE
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EAGLE Concept
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Pick-off Mirror Technology
UK ATC/CSEM/Astron
AAO
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Star-picker

• Positions Pick-Off Mirrors to better than 5
  micron repeatability
• 100 repositions per hour will be improved
• Joint development UK ATC, Astron CSEM

International Patent Application No
PCT/GB2006/002426 (P14214PC)
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Cryogenic Testings of Star-Picker Elements
Nitrogen bath cold tests conducted on gripper
vertical travel successful, but apparent need to
up gripper current by 20. This to be confirmed
with additional tests.
Rotation stage cold wrap manufactured and
installed, ready for precision measurements in
cold bath and cryostat.
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Beam Steering Mirror

• Mirror and support manufactured
• Mirror being polished
• Use of a dummy mirror to
• Test the mount
• Develop control software
• Evaluate performances
• Design and manufacture of Tip/Tilt platform

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Actuators performances
Opposite

• Stroke
• Influence of the flexural pivot

Mirror
Piezo
Angle

• Perfect linearity of the deformation
• Fit with FEM

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Image Slicers

• Invented by Ira Bowen in 1938, but only now
  coming into use as optical fabrication techniques
  make it possible
• Now possible to replicate using electroforming
• For visible light Sub 10nm rms surfaces needed
  still only possible with glass slicers
• Economic study shows cross-over at about 30
  slicers

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SMART Focal Planes Programmable slits in Europe
Principle of the micro-mirror array

• Long slit mode

• Surface quality

lt 15nm PtV
Tilt accuracy lt 1 arcmin
100 x 200µm
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ELT Instrument Proposal SMOS
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Changes to scope of work

• Removed Pick off arms done by KMOS project
• Reduced scope of image slicer work
• Reduced fibre development
• Added Star-picker development
• Phase B concentrated on object selection for
  EAGLE and MOEMS for SMOS concepts

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Planned work to completion

• WP 3.2 Cryomechanisms Tip-Tilt Focal Plane
  ASTRON
• WP 5.0 Management and Systems Engineering UK
  ATC / IAC
• WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype Gripper Cold Tests
  CSEM/UK ATC
• WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype Star-Picker Cold
  Tests UK ATC
• WP 6.3 Beam manipulator prototype - active optics
  LAM
• WP 6.4 MOEMS mirror array prototype LAM/CSEM
• WP6.5 Integration of Star-Picker and Cryo-Mirrors
  in Smart Focal Plane Demonstrator

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New WP

• Evaluation of cooled and cryogenic mirrors for
  SFP based NIR MIR instruments with AO built-in
• Driven by EAGLE and MIDIR requirements
• Coordinated by TNO-TPD, Delft
• Partners Astron, Leiden, UK ATC ( Paisley Univ)
• Kick-off meeting on Friday 6th Sept

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Dissemination of results publications

• Proc. SPIE 5382 (2004)
• Smart focal plane technologies for ELT
  instruments
• Colin R. Cunningham, Suzanne K. Ramsay-Howat,
  Francisco Garzon, Ian R. Parry, Eric Prieto,
  David J. Robertson, and Frederic Zamkotsian
• Proc. SPIE 5904 (2005)
• Progress on smart focal plane technologies for
  extremely large telescopes
• Colin Cunningham, Eli Atad, Jeremy Bailey, Fabio
  Bortoletto, Francisco Garzon, Peter Hastings,
  Roger Haynes, Callum Norrie, Ian Parry, Eric
  Prieto, Suzanne R.Howat, Juergen Schmoll, Lorenzo
  Zago, and Frederic Zamkotsian
• Proc. SPIE 6273 (2006)
• A scalable pick-off technology for multi-object
  instruments
• Peter Hastings Suzanne Ramsay Howat Peter
  Spanoudakis Raymond van den Brink Callum
  Norrie David Clarke K. Laidlaw S. McLay Johan
  Pragt Hermine Schnetler L. Zago
• SMART-MOS a NIR imager-MOS for the ELT
• Francisco Garzón Eli Atad-Ettedgui Peter
  Hammersley David Henry Callum Norrie Pablo
  Redondo Frederic Zamkotsian
• New beam steering mirror concept and metrology
  system for multi-IFU
• Fabrice Madec Eric Prieto Pierre-Eric Blanc
  Emmanuel Hugot Sébastien Vivès Marc Ferrari
  Jean-Gabriel Cuby
• Deployable payloads with Starbug
• Andrew McGrath Roger Haynes
• It's alive! Performance and control of prototype
  Starbug actuators
• Roger Haynes Andrew McGrath Jurek Brzeski
  David Correll Gabriella Frost Peter Gillingham
  Stan Miziarski Rolf Muller Scott Smedley
• Micro-mirror array for multi-object spectroscopy

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SPIE Orlando Trade Show
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What did work!

• Using ELT instrument concepts to drive technology
  requirements
• Joint development programmes
• Replicated Image Slicers
• Durham, LAM, Reflex, Padua
• Starpicker
• UK ATC, ASTRON, CSEM
• MOEMS mirror device
• LAM, CSEM, with subcontract to IMT Neuchatel
• European team-building leading to EAGLE and SMOS
  instrument consortia

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What didnt work lessons learned

• Phasing and 18 month planning cycle
• Some partners didnt work together well
• Too many partners
• Work packages with only one partner were less
  successful than the very productive joint
  workpackages
• Financial and time-sheet tracking
• Communications.

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OPTICON SFP achievements

• 2 ELT Instruments in baseline planning based on
  our Smart Focal Plane Technologies
• Teams working on proposals for E-ELT Phase A
  studies
• Working prototypes
• Starpicker
• Starbugs
• Deformable Beam Steering Mirrors
• MOEMS mirrors
• Replicated image slicers
• Reports on enabling technologies actuators,
  positions sensing, slit mechanisms
• Technology development path foreseen in Opticon
  FP7 and with national funding for future ELT and
  8-10 m instruments

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Overall Objectives Met?

• Evaluate, develop and prototype of technologies
  for Smart Focal Planes - YES
• Build up and strengthen a network of expertise in
  Europe, and encourage mobility between partners
  YES
• Engage European Industry in the development of
  technologies which can be batch produced to
  enable future complex instruments to be built
  economically Partial image slicers
• Enable these technologies to be developed to the
  stage where they can be considered for the next
  generation of telescopes - YES

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Smart Instrument Technologies Proposal for FP7
Summary

• Smart Focal Plane Technology developments are now
  being carried forward into ELT instrument Phase A
  programme for EAGLE and possible S-MOS
• Proposal for FP7 addresses 2 further questions
• How to build lower mass, active instruments to
  meet flexure requirements of wide-field or high
  resolution cryogenic instruments?
• Are there science and operational gains from
  expanding the Smart Focal Plane concept into a
  Smart Instrument Suite where several different
  instruments a fed from a wide field pick off
  system, and if so what technologies need
  development?