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Introduction to Language and Linguistics

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Acoustic phonetics: sound wave properties. Auditory phonetics: speech perception ... The study of sound system of a language. Distribution of sounds in a language ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Language and Linguistics


1
Introduction to Language and Linguistics
  • Xiaofei Lu
  • APLNG 083S
  • September 2, 2008

2
Agenda
  • Defining language
  • Theoretical linguistics
  • Applied linguistics

3
Defining language
  • Features exhibited by
  • All communication systems
  • Some communication systems
  • Only human language

3
4
Features all comm. systems
  • A mode of communication
  • Visual, vocal-auditory, chemical
  • Semanticity
  • Signals have meaning
  • Primary function
  • System serves some useful purpose

4
5
Features some comm. systems
  • Interactivity
  • Cultural transmission
  • Arbitrariness
  • Discreteness

5
6
Features human language only
  • Productivity
  • Displacement

6
7
Questions
  • Do traffic lights constitute a comm. System?
  • What features does the barking system have?
  • Is there a longest sentence in English? Why?
  • What feature of language leads to AM Talk?

7
8
Theoretical linguistics
  • The scientific study of language
  • Sounds and sound systems
  • Structure and meaning
  • Language use
  • Acquisition and processing
  • Computational modeling

8
9
Phonetics
  • The study of physical sounds of human speech
  • Articulatory phonetics sound production
  • Voicing, place manner of articulation /p/ vs.
    /b/
  • Acoustic phonetics sound wave properties
  • Auditory phonetics speech perception
  • A Phonetics joke

9
10
Phonology
  • The study of sound system of a language
  • Distribution of sounds in a language
  • Contrastive distribution beef/reef
  • Complementary distribution today/writer
  • Interactions between those sounds, e.g.,
  • Palatalization did you

10
11
Morphology
  • Studies the structure of words
  • Morphemes
  • Root/Affix buses
  • Derivational/Inflectional affix
    unhappy/happiness
  • Free/Bound morpheme buses
  • Morphological processes
  • Processes through which new words are created

11
12
Syntax
  • Studies the structure of sentences
  • Constituents meaning groups
  • Linear order and hierarchical structure
  • Lexical and phrasal Categories
  • Phrasal structure rules
  • VP -gt V NP

12
13
Semantics
  • They study of meaning in language
  • Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
  • What does table mean?

13
14
Pragmatics
  • The study of language use
  • How people use language in context
  • Whey they use language in particular ways
  • Literal meaning vs. intended meaning
  • Rules of conversations
  • Logical relations between utterances

14
15
Sociolinguistics
  • Relations between language and social factors
  • Language variation
  • Language and gender
  • Language and socioeconomic status
  • Language and ethnicity
  • Language change

15
16
Psycholinguistics
  • Acquisition, storage, production and
    comprehension of language
  • Child language acquisition
  • Human language processing

16
17
Computational modeling
  • Computational linguistics
  • Natural language processing

17
18
Applied linguistics
  • Foreign/second language teaching
  • Second language acquisition
  • Discourse analysis
  • Corpus linguistics
  • Language and technology
  • Language in professional context

18
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