IP3

1
IP3

• The Future of Ideas

2
What is Property?

• We are in the midst of an unprecedented
  technological revolution
• Technological change implies cultural change
• Technological has led to innovation that has led
  to unprecedented prosperity
• Yet there is confusion regarding a core concept,
  namely property

3
Lessigs Claim

• Confusion about property is leading us to change
  the environment for innovation
• Our societal decision-makers are deluded about
  the causes of prosperity
• This leads to changing the rules that led to the
  Internet revolution
• This will end the Internet revolution as we know
  it

4
Some Abuses of IP Law

• Patenting basmati rice
• Pharmaceuticals strategy regarding drugs whose
  patent will expire soon

5
Property

• Relationship between property and democracy
• Kants definition
• One property right is alienation
• The difference between rivalrous and
  non-rivalrous uses

6
The Nature of Revolution

• Machiavelli
• Thomas Kuhn author of The Structure of Scientific
  Revolutions
• Paradigm shifts
• Defense of the status quo, e.g. The Emperor of
  Scent
• On the Internet, everyones a publisher redux
• Rip, mix, burn

7
Innovation and the Meaning of Free

• State control versus market control
• Free gratis, e.g. free beer
• Free libre, e.g. free speech
• Permission not required for use or
• Permission granted neutrally
• Lessigs argument Free resources are crucial
  to innovation and creativity. Without them,
  creativity is crippled.

8
The Commons

• Resource held in common
• Such resources are free, e.g. public streets,
  parks, writings, ideas, writings in the public
  domain, the song Happy Birthday

9
The Tragedy of the Commons

• Rivalrous versus nonrivalrous resources
• Garrett Hardins tragedy of the commons
• Communities regulate overconsumption that occurs
  for rivalrous resources in a commons
• Innovation commons
• There is benefit to holding nonrivalrous goods in
  an innovation commons

10
Layers within a Communications System (Internet)

• Content
• Code
• Physical

11
Organizing Layers
12
The Invention of the Internet

• How ATT invented the Internet with the help of
  Paul Baran and perhaps Leonard Kleinrock
• Hardening against nuclear attack
• ATTs intransigence
• e2e design

13
Architecture is Power

• Architecture affects human rights access,
  speech, privacy
• Architecture affects innovation

14
E2E Philosophy

• The networks job is to transmit datagrams as
  efficiently and flexibly as possible. Everything
  else should be done at the fringes.
• Innovators with new applications need only to
  connect them to let them run.
• Because design is not optimized for any
  application, the network is open to innovation.
• The network cannot discriminate against an
  innovators new design.

15
Innovation Commons

• How the e2e principle made the Internet into an
  innovation commons
• The World Wide Web
• Tim Berners-Lee
• HTTP and HTML
• Released into the public domain

16
Costs of E2E design

• Congestion, e.g. Internet telephony, audio and
  video streaming
• QoS solutions identification and different
  treatment for different applications
• Effect of QoS on new applications

17
Wired Culture and Its Commons

• Commons of code
• Commons of knowledge
• Commons of innovation

18
Unix and Linux

• Bell labs development of Unix
• Richard Stallman and free software
• GNU (GNU is Not Unix)
• Linus Torvalds
• Linux

19
Open Code Products

• GNU/Linux
• Apache
• Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
• Perl

20
General Public License (GPL)

• GPL permits unrestricted copying, modification,
  and redistribution (gratis or for a fee). GPL
  makes source code available.
• GPL requires that any code derived from GPL code
  provide the same permissions as the original GPL
  code

21
Open Source

• Differs from GPL in that derivative products do
  not have to reveal source code
• Example Apache is open source so company could
  produce a proprietary product using Apache

22
Microsoft and Antitrust

• Predatory behavior with regard to competing
  products
• Bundling Windows OS, Office Suite, and IE and
  requiring PC vendors to ship PCs with all of
  these, i.e. dude, you couldnt buy a Dell with
  Linux

23
IBM

• IBM embraced Apache and discontinued their own
  server software
• IBM embraced Linux
• Why?