Conservation and Management of Sandalwood Santalum album Linn in Indonesia

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Conservation and Management of Sandalwood
(Santalum album Linn) in Indonesia
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Distribution and habitat

• Status of origin Native to East Nusa Tenggara,
  Maluku and Central Sulawesi
• Floristic element Eastern and Southern
  provinces of Malesian element

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Habitat

• Vegetation type Monsoon Forest
• Altitude range 50 1200 m asl
• Associated tree species ampupu (Eucalyptus
  urophylla), hue (E. alba) and kabesak (Acacia
  leucophloea)

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cont

• Annual rainfall 625 1625 mm/year
• Climate type D E (Schmidt and Ferguson)
• Grows on a wide variety of soils (dry, sandy and
  stony soils), on flat as well as sloping lands
  but it cant grow on wet land.

Semiparasit spesies need host plant
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Uses

• Perfumes, carvings, medicine, soaps and religious
  ceremonies

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Population Status
Comparative results from sandalwood inventories
1987/88 and 1997/98 in East Nusa Tenggara
Growing stocks on the basis of this data have
declined in the order of an 85 percent over the
last decade.
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• Major threat Heavy exploitation/clear cutting
  combined with little regeneration (due to forest
  fire, livestock) and mismanagement of resources
• Species level Vulnerable (VU)
• Indonesia level Critically Endangered (CR)

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Regulation

• Province regulation
• No 16/1986, sharing benefit local government
  local community 85 15
• No 2/1996, sharing benefit local government
  local community 60 40
• No 2/1997 banning further logging for next
  5 years
• Regency regulation (2000)
• Since this year, sandalwood growing on
  private land is owned by local community

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• Other Legislations
• Act No. 5/1990 (UU No. 5/1990) on Conservation of
  Living Resources and Their Ecosystems, primary
  emphasis was on protection efforts including
  protection of buffer zones and biodiversity
  preservation
• Environmental Act No 23/1997 (UU No. 23/1997),
  policy aspects and environmental management of
  natural and man-made resources including genetic
  resources are regulated
• Forestry Act No. 41/1999 (UU No. 41/1999), gives
  specific reference to conservation of flora and
  fauna
• Ministerial Decree, Minister of Forestry Decree
  which regulate FGR utilization and conservation,
  tree improvement activities, provision and
  distribution of forest tree seed, is now in the
  process of finalization.

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Conservation and tree improvement

• Ex-situ conservation
• Objective to conserve genetic variation from
  natural distribution
• Seed collection from Timor, Sumba, Alor, Pantar,
  Flores Island
• Nursery
• Planting

Sandalwood in ex situ conservation Gn. Kidul,
Yogyakarta, 4 years
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• Seedling Seed Orchards (SSOs)
• Objective to meet seed supply for plantation
• Seed collection from Timor, Sumba, Alor, Pantar,
  Flores Island
• Nursery
• Planting

SSOs in Gn. Kidul, Yogyakarta, 1.5 years
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• Tissue culture
• Objective
• To provide planting material for degraded
  sandalwood FGR area

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Rehabilitation of sandalwood FGR (on Timor)

• Collaboration with other stakeholder
• 1. CPF
• 2. Local Forest Service
• 3. University
• 4. Tribal institution

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Thank you