Municipal Fleet Challenges

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Municipal Fleet Challenges

• No magic bullet or single solution
• Achievable projects
• What can cannot work?

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Monctons Fleet E Friendly Projects/Initiatives

• Staff Education Lunch learns
• Tire management
• Life Cycling
• Benchmarking
• Data Collection
• Baseline (Establish)
• Performance Indicators
• Comparing yourself against yourself
• Anti-Idling Policies
• Not using drive-thrus (City owned or operated
  vehicles only)
• Alternative Fuels
• Smart Cars
• Smart Driving Training/Practices

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Human Impact (Source Oct 07 National Geographic)

• Fossil Fuels oil, coal natural gas accounts
  for about 80 of the CO2
• Most of the remainder comes from land use
  changes. (Tropical forests - slash burn for
  agriculture and timber harvesting)

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Producers of Greenhouse Gases by Fuel Source
(Source Oct 07 National Geographic)
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Origin of Emissions (Source Oct 07 National
Geographic)

• 24.6 Electricity
• 18.2 Land-use change
• 13.5 Agriculture
• 13.5 Transportation
• 10.4 Industry
• 9.0 Other Fuel Combustion
• 3.9 Equipment Leaks, etc.
• 3.6 Landfills/Sewer
• 3.4 Industrial Process

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Data gathering Budgeting

• How can you budget for fuel or know if your
  initiatives are working if you are not aware of
  consumption rates and/or trends?
• You have little or no control on fuel prices
• You can lesson the risk
• Compare yourself to yourself
• Measure understand your fuel usage trends.
• Managing with best practices.

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Accountability

• In some Municipalities Department of Fleet
  Services/Mechanical Div. is the keeper of the
  fuel budget.
• However, Fleet Services is not the the consumer
  of the fuel.
• Where is the fuel being used?
• How do we help the user departments reduce fuel
  consumption?

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Data Gathering Management(Challenges facing
Municipal/Other Fleets)

• Commitment (From all levels)
• Resources (Staff Budget)
• Fleet Management System (Pure System designed for
  fleets)
• Staff Buy-in
• Training/Education/Knowledge
• Plan/Achievable Goals/Policy
• Education, Implementation.
• Follow-up - Did initiatives achieve desired goals?

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Budgeting for Fuel

• Scenario Fuel pricing rapidly rising above 2008
  budget projections.
• How will we fair by year end?
• What do we have to do to come in on budget?

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Impact Analysis

• What is my average annual consumption to date?
  Xxxx liters
• What did we budget for?
• Consumption in liters avg. annual usage and avg.
  to date used
• Cost per liter Budgeted, Cost per liter Actual
  Anticipated Cost
• Reasonable Assumptions
• Avg. consumption from now to year end Times cost
  per liter now or anticipated price.
• Add that amount to Total spent year to date.

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Sample of Impact Analysis(Not Actual, fictitious
numbers)
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Data Gathering Performance Indicators

• Fuel Use by Equipment Class
• Type of equipment
• Diverse Fleet (Multi-purpose, Multi-function)
• 219 vehicles/200 different applications
• Season (Spring - Summer - Fall - Winter)
• Age of equipment
• Fuel Type (Gas , Diesel, Other.)
• Hours or Kms Used
• Idling time
• Preventive Maintenance Repairs
• Life Cycling (Fleet Replacement)

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Life Cycling/Fleet Replacement
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Penalty Costs
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Life Cycle Costing
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Anti Idling Policy

• Moncton has an Anti-Idling Policy
• Motto Do what you can do for the environment.
  Shut your vehicle off when possible
• Note Idling a vehicle for 10 minutes a day uses
  up more than 100 litres of gas a year.
• No Idling for more than One (1) Minute
• Exceptions
• Vehicle Maintenance diagnostic purposes
• Health Safety of employees (Extreme weather
  conditions)
• Emergency Response while on scene
• Transit vehicles while in revenue service (Winter
  Months)
• Engine required to power auxiliary equipment

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Tire Management

• 25 28 gallons of oil in avg. radial tire
• Recapping tire uses 7 gallons. (Use recaps when
  possible)
• A tire is considered flat if its 20 below air
  pressure specification. (You cant always tell
  this by looking at the tire or with the steel toe
  method)
• Use a tire gauge to measure tire pressure
• Use Steel Valve Caps (Caps provide the primary
  seal)
• All tires should be visually inspected daily
  (Cuts, bulges nails wear pattern)

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Tire Management Total Impact on Fuel (Non-Tire
Factors)

• Non Aerodynamic Vehicle 15
• Alignment 2.2 (Toe Parallel)
• Tire Inflation 1.5 (20 PSI variation)
• Speed 15 (110 Kms/Hour)

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Environmentally Vehicles

• Technologies constantly changing
• Hybrids, Double Hybrids Electric Vehicles (Some
  are better than others. Do your homework)
• Which leaves least carbon footprint?
• Which best suits your functional requirements
• Diesel Electric Buses
• 25 to 30 year investment
• Changing fuel types
• Hydrogen

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Match vehicle for job!Bigger is not always
better.
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Procuring Fuel Efficient Fleets

• Understand your needs.
• Do not over spec. an engine (500 vs 400 hp)
• Put language in the Tender or RFP for fuel
  consumption guarantees/ratings
• Factor fuel consumption and/or emissions as part
  of decision.

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Match vehicle to needs!

• Match vehicle type with intended use Dont get
  lulled into bigger is better and what-ifs?
• Satisfy 90 of job requirement.
• Dont by a 60,000 vehicle for those 3 4 of
  the situations that you require it.
• Rent or lease short term.
• Saves fuel and capital costs.

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Performance Enhancement Additives and Technologies

• Truck Manufactures are legislated to have CO2
  only for Emissions by 2010. They are spending
  Billion of Dollar trying to develop this
  technology. If there were or is a quick fix out
  there, do you not think they would be using it to
  get an edge up?
• Most Performance enhancement additives do not
  perform as promised.
• How can we be sure?
• Dont let them use them on your fleet
• Only entertain independent controlled tests done
  in a controlled lab. on a control engine.
• ETV Canada (Provides third party verification)
• For more inf. http//www.etvcanada.ca
• Web. Site for Devices tested by EAP

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Bigger is not better!

• Diesel engines and fuel have evolved.
• 2002 2006 Legislated to reduce emissions
• Re-burned some of the exhaust (20-30)
• Raised operating temperature from 190 to 210 F.
• 2007 2009 Further reductions
• Particulate Filter (requires regeneration)
  Burning
• Engine larger than required causes more
  regenerations
• Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel fuel (ULS) Down to 15
  ppms
• 2010 Exhaust will be Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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Alternative Fuels

• Bio-fuels and Ethanol's
• Federal plan proposes by 2012
• 2 bio-fuel
• 5 ethanol
• Good Policy or Good Politics?
• You decide
• It has passed its third reading

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Making Fuel From Crops

• Is the technology there to produce fuel from
  crops
• Without negatively harming the environment
• Without negatively impacting food

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General Comments (Source Oct 07 National
Geographic)

• Producing corn ethanol uses just about as much
  fossil fuel as the ethanol itself replaces.
• If we turned our entire (U.S.) crop of corn and
  soy beans into biofuels, they would replace just
  12 of our gasoline a paltry 6 of our diesel
• What does this mean to us?
• Canada uses 56 billion liters of fuel annually
• _at_ 2 5 blends 2 - 3 billion liters of
  ethanol bio-fuel annually

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What Does this mean (Biofuels)

• Will we need to use biofuels as part of our
  overall strategy? Absolutely
• We have to find better ways of producing the fuel
• Use trees, scrub grass, waste food, etc.
• Be more efficient
• Why put it into an engine already giving 0
  Nitric Oxides and particulate?
• Would it be better to use it to heat buildings?

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Smart Driving (Principals Habits)

• Idling gets you no-where
• Park your vehicle go into your favorite fast
  food or beverage place. (But do it for the right
  reasons)
• Smart Driving
• Driver awareness (Training)
• Traffic
• Traffic light changes
• Intersections Lane Changes
• Accelerating (More fuel consumed this way than by
  idling)
• Braking

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Monctons Fleet E Friendly Projects/Initiatives

• Staff Education Lunch learns
• Inconvenient Truth
• Tire management
• Life Cycling
• Compare yourself to yourself (Best Practices)
• Benchmarking
• Data Collection
• Baseline
• Performance Indicators
• Anti-Idling Policies
• Alternative Fuels (Bio-fuels/ethanol)
• Smart Cars (E friendly vehicles)
• Smart Driving