Telos: Enabling UltraLow Power Wireless Research

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Telos Enabling Ultra-Low Power Wireless Research
A Presentation by David Thau of

• Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, and David
  Culler
• Computer Science Department
• UC Berkeley
• The Fourth International Conference on
  Information Processing in Sensor Networks
  Special track on Platform Tools and Design
  Methods for Network Embedded Sensors
  (IPSN/SPOTS), April 25-27, 2005
• http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/culler/papers/spots05-
  telos.pdf

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Overview

• Introduction to Authors
• Introducing Low Power Wireless Sensor Modules
  (Motes)
• Comparing the new Telos Mote to Others
• Additional Resources
• Future Work

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Joseph Polastre
http//www.polastre.com/ Ph.D. Berkeley, 2005 Now
Runs Moteiv- http//www.moteiv.com/ Recent
Publications Joseph Polastre, David E. Culler
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor
networks. IPSN 2005 463-468 Robert Szewczyk,
Joseph Polastre, Alan M. Mainwaring, David E.
Culler Lessons from a Sensor Network Expedition.
EWSN 2004 307-322 Philip Levis, Samuel Madden,
David Gay, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Alec
Woo, Eric A. Brewer, David E. Culler The
Emergence of Networking Abstractions and
Techniques in TinyOS. NSDI 2004 1-14 Robert
Szewczyk, Alan M. Mainwaring, Joseph Polastre,
John Anderson, David E. Culler An analysis of a
large scale habitat monitoring application.
SenSys 2004 214-226 Vlado Handziski, Joseph
Polastre, Jan-Hinrich Hauer, Cory Sharp Flexible
hardware abstraction of the TI MSP430
microcontroller in TinyOS. SenSys 2004
277-278 Joseph Polastre, Gilman Tolle, Jonathan
Hui Low power mesh networking with telos and
IEEE 802.15.4. SenSys 2004 319 Joseph Polastre,
Jason Hill, David E. Culler Versatile low power
media access for wireless sensor networks. SenSys
2004 95-107 Robert Szewczyk, Eric Osterweil,
Joseph Polastre, Michael Hamilton, Alan M.
Mainwaring, Deborah Estrin Habitat monitoring
with sensor networks. Commun. ACM 47(6) 34-40
(2004) SenSys Second ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems IPSN Fourth
International Conference on Information
Processing in Sensor Networks EWSN 1st European
Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks
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Robert Szewczyk
Ph.D. Berkeley, 2005 Now CTO of Moteiv -
http//www.moteiv.com/ Recent Publications Robert
Szewczyk, Joseph Polastre, Alan M. Mainwaring,
David E. Culler Lessons from a Sensor Network
Expedition. EWSN 2004 307-322 Philip Levis,
Samuel Madden, David Gay, Joseph Polastre, Robert
Szewczyk, Alec Woo, Eric A. Brewer, David E.
Culler The Emergence of Networking Abstractions
and Techniques in TinyOS. NSDI 2004 1-14 Robert
Szewczyk, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Eric
Osterweil, Joseph Polastre, Michael Hamilton,
Alan M. Mainwaring, Deborah Estrin Habitat
monitoring with sensor networks. Commun. ACM
47(6) 34-40 Samuel Madden, Robert Szewczyk,
Michael J. Franklin, David E. Culler Supporting
Aggregate Queries Over Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor
Networks. WMCSA 2002 49-58 EAlan M. Mainwaring,
David E. Culler, Joseph Polastre, Robert
Szewczyk, John Anderson Wireless sensor networks
for habitat monitoring. WSNA 2002 88-97 Adrian
Perrig, Robert Szewczyk, J. D. Tygar, Victor Wen,
David E. Culler SPINS Security Protocols for
Sensor Networks. Wireless Networks 8(5)
521-534 EWSN 1st European Workshop on Wireless
Sensor Networks NSDI Symposium on Networked
Systems Design and Implementation WMSCA
Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and
Applications WSNA First ACM International
Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and
Applications
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David Culler
http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/culler/ Professor of
Computer Science, UC Berkeley Currently on leave,
working at Arched Rock Corporation Some Recent
Publications (not already listed on previous
pages) Exploiting the Capture Effect for
Collision Detection and RecoveryAlec Woo, Kamin
Whitehouse, Xiaofan Jiang, Joseph Polastre, David
CullerTo appear in The Second IEEE Workshop on
Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNetS-II), May
30-31, 2005 Kamin Whitehouse, Chris Karlof, Alec
Woo, Fred Jiang, David Culler.  "The Effects of
Ranging Noise on Multihop Localization an
Empirical Study"  The Fourth International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN '05).  Los Angeles, California.
April 25-27, 2005. The Dynamic Behavior of a
Data Dissemination Protocol for Network
Programming at Scale, Jonathon Hui and David
Culler,  The Second ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems, Nov. 2004 Reliable
Transfer in Wireless Sensor Networks, Sukun Kim,
Rodrigo Fonseca, and David Culler, The First IEEE
International Conference on Sensor and Ad hoc
Communications and Networks, Oct 2004 Overview
of Sensor Networks, David Culler, Deborah Estrin,
Mani Srivastava, IEEE Computer, Special Issue in
Sensor Networks, Aug 2004. Smart Sensors to
Network the World, David E. Culler and Hans
Mulder, Scientific American, June 2004. Ganglia
Distributed Monitoring System Design,
Implementation, and Experience, Matt Massie,
Brent Chun, and David Culler, Parallel Computing,
Vol 30, pp 817-840, June 2004.
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Basic system architecture for habitat monitoring
applications
From Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, and Alan
Mainwaring http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/IPRO/Summ
ary/03abstracts/chapter6.html
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Typical Features of a Mote

• Volatile Memory for programs and processing
• Nonvolatile Memory for data and program storage
• Radio for communication
• Sensors either integrated or external
• Interfaces for the sensors and CPU

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Example Berkeley Motes
Rene (1999)
Mica (2001)
Telos (2004)
Mica in the field
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Important Operational Parameters

• Size of memory
• Power consumption
• Radio features
• Speed of changing states from asleep to active
• Types of interfaces and sensor integration

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Goals of Telos Platform

• Low power consumption
• Ease of use
• Robustness in the field
• They claim that program memory size hasnt been a
  limiting factor yet

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Comparison of Features
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Comparisons of Current Consumption
Fig. 6. Measured current consumption of Telos
compared to Mica2 and MicaZ motes
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General Observations

• Telos stores more data than previous Berkeley
  motes
• It has much higher baud rate
• Its active mode does not consume much less power
  than the Mica Z model
• But its sleep mode uses much less power
• Transition speed from sleeping to active is much
  faster, so Telos can be in sleep mode more often.
• Overall, at 1 duty cycle, Telos lasts 3 years,
  Mica2 1.5 years.

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Ease of Use

• Uses a radio following IEEE 802.15.4 wireless
  standard
• Programming, computation, communication and
  sensing on one device
• Built in humidity, temperature, photosynthetic
  activity, and total solar radiation sensors
• USB with back channels allows for easy debugging
  of hardware and software.

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Robustness in Field

• Write protected memory to store fall-back
  programs if wireless programming fails
• Power to radio or individual sensors can be shut
  off independently
• Looking into a solar panel capacitor power
  source

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Limitations

• The radio doesnt allow built in hardware
  accelerators (encryption, authentication) to be
  generalized
• Auto acknowledgement feature discards packets not
  intended for a mote making routing tough
• Big compared to Spec and other dust motes.

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Criticisms

• Except for a brief discussion of Spec, the paper
  only talks about Berkeley motes.
• They say using COTS components makes their
  product more flexible but dont really give any
  arguments supporting that.

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Spec

• Single chip contains a CPU, memory, an A/D
  converter for reading sensor data and a radio
  transmitter
• Not COTS (Consumer off the shelf)
• No built in sensors, antenna or battery

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Discussion Questions

• External sensors versus integrated sensors?
• Other ways to save power?
• Anyone know of other similar devices?

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Selected References
V. Shnayder, M. Hempstead, B. rong Chen, G.
Werner-Allen, and M. Welsh, Simulating the power
consumption of large-scale sensor network
applications, in Proceedings of the Second ACM
Conference on Embedded Networked Systems
(SenSys), Nov. 2004. http//www.eecs.harvard.edu/
shnayder/slides/sensys04talk.pdf J. Hill and D.
Culler, Mica a wireless platform for deeply
embedded networks, IEEE Micro, vol. 22, no. 6,
pp. 1224, November/December 2002. http//www.cs.b
erkeley.edu/culler/cs294-f03/papers/micaarch.pdf
R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D.
Culler, Lessons from a sensor network
expedition, in Proceedings of the First European
Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), Jan.
2004. http//www.polastre.com/papers/ewsn04.pdf
P. Levis and D. Culler, Mate A tiny virtual
machine for sensor networks, in Proceedings of
the 10th International Conference on
ArchitecturalSupport for Programming Languages
and Operating Systems (ASPLOS),
2002. http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/pal/pubs/mate.pd
f S. R. Madden, M. J. Franklin, J. M.
Hellerstein, and W. Hong, The design of an
acquisitional query processor for sensor
networks, in Proceedings of SIGMOD, June
2003. http//db.lcs.mit.edu/madden/html/acqp.pdf
R. Szewczyk, A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, and D.
Culler, An analysis of a large scale habitat
monitoring application, in Proceedings of the
Second ACM Conference on Embedded Networked
Sensor Systems (SenSys), Nov. 2004. http//www.eec
s.harvard.edu/mdw/course/cs263/papers/gdi-sensys0
4.pdf J. W. Hui and D. Culler, The dynamic
behavior of a data dissemination protocol for
network programming at scale, in Proceedings of
the 2nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked
Sensor Systems (SenSys), Nov. 2004. http//www.cs.
berkeley.edu/jwhui/research/pubs/sensys04.pdf
V. Handziski, J. Polastre, J.-H. Hauer, C.
Sharp, A.Wolisz, and D. Culler, Flexible
hardware abstraction for wireless sensor
networks, in Proceedings of the Second European
Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), Feb.
2005. http//www.tinyos.net/papers/flexible_hardwa
re_abstraction.pdf
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Resources
Interfacing Telos to 51-pin sensorboards,
http//tinyos.net/hardware/telos/telos-legacy-ada
pter.pdf, Polastre, Oct. 2004. Telos (Rev B)
Datasheet, http//www.moteiv.com, Moteiv
Corporation, Dec. 2004. TinyOS network
programming (version 1.0), TinyOS
1.1.8 Documentation, http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/
jwhui/research/deluge/ Hui, Aug. 2004.