Solar Hot Water Systems Advantages and Obstacles

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Solar Hot Water SystemsAdvantages and Obstacles

• By
• Samir S. Ayad
• Professor of Mechanical Engineering
• Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra
• Benha University
• Emailsamir_ayad_at_mail.com
• Cell Phone [phone]
• Consultant for
• Egyptian Solar Energy Systems Company

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Egyptian Solar Energy Systems Company
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20 Years of Manufacturing Experience in Egypt
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Egyptian Solar Energy Systems Company

• Company has been established since 1989.
• Company designs , manufactures, installs and
  services solar hot water systems for domestic
  uses as well as for tourist villages, hotels and
  hospitals .

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• Factory is established at October 6th city on an
  area of 1700 square meters in the first
  industrial zone .
• The Solar Hot water Systems produced have been
  tested by NREA and the test results shoed up to
  96 Solar Fraction.
• Installations have been operating successfully in
  many important places like International Medical
  Center, Police Academies around the country,..
  etc

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The Company and the Environment

• Annual production of 3000 collectors
• Each collector produces daily 6 kWhr
• .Annual energy production of 6.3 GWatt.hr

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CO2 Emission Saving

• Based on Tests carried out by NREA (New and
  Renewable Energy Authority), and Carnot
  efficiency of Best Heat Engine The company
  Production Of Solar Hot Water Systems Saves the
  environment about 8000 Tons of CO2 annually

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Typical Thermo Siphon System
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Flat Plate Solar Collector
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Solar-Heated Swimming Pool
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Rules of Thumb for Sizing Solar Hot Water System

• One collector (2 square meters area) in Egypt
  produces about 180 liters/day at
• 60 oC.
• On the average each person needs 40 liters/day
  hot water.
• Storage Capacity is 100 to 120 of daily use.
• On the average each bathroom needs 100-150
  liters hot water per day.

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Rule of Thump for Pool Solar Heating

• Collector Area 50-60 of Pool Surface Area.
• Increase Collector by 30 If Pool is not to be
  Covered at Night.
• Increase Collector Area by 20 If Pool is Located
  in Windy Area.
• Increase Collector Area by 20 for Indoor Pool.
• The Pool Water Serves as the Thermal Storage.

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Cross Section of Flat Plate Solar Collector
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Absorber Plate

• Is made of copper fins welded to copper risers by
  plasma welder.
• Absorber is coated by selective black crystal
  coating with absorptivity a 0.96 and emissivity
  ?0.08

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500 liters/day Thermo-siphon Solar Hot Water
System
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Forced Circulation Solar System
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Forced circulation systems

• For central hot water systems when lumped amount
  of hot water is needed it uses a calculating pump
  compatible with hot water a differential
  thermostatic controller is used to operate the
  pump . As the sun shines the outlet temperature
  of collector is higher than the inlet temperature
  and the controller signals the pump to operate .

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Typical Central Hot Water Systems

• Systems of up to 18 m3 /day are installed around
  the country ( El Obour hospital, Sohag school for
  police academy etc)  
• 4000 collectors at New Benisweif. (in need for
  service)    

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Solar Thermal EnergyEvacuated Tube Solar
Collectors
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Photo Voltaic Solar Systems

• The company installs photovoltaic solar cells for
  electricity productions lighting systems of small
  powers with photovoltaic panels , charge
  controller , deep cycle batteries and direct
  current bulbs.
• DC/AC inverter can be used to supply AC current.
• Current initial cost around 5.00 US/Watt.

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Street Lights
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Obstacles

• High initial costs for end users
• Very low level of public awareness
• Local subsidy of electric energy and natural gas
  supply
• Scare and low availability of installers and
  service technicians.

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Proposals

• Financing for end users with guaranteed payment.
• Media efforts to enhance public awareness.
• Governmental incentives like tax credit, feed in
  tariff .etc
• Training for installers and Plummer.
• Continued Research and developments for
  components of Solar Hot water Systems

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KEYMARK CERTIFIED
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Thanks for your kind attention