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Clean Energy Storage Technology

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Full magnetic levitation. Inspection every year, moderate service every 6 yrs ... Magnetic Levitation. Module. Flywheel Module Components. Lower Radial Electromagnet ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Clean Energy Storage Technology


1
Clean Energy Storage Technology
An overview of developments in UPS energy storage
2
Traditional Power Quality Configuration
ATS
Protected load
UPS
Utility feed
Batteries
Back-up genset
3
VRLA Batteries
  • Pros
  • Proven performance
  • Excellent dynamic response
  • 5 minutes to gt1 hr run time
  • Acceptable reliability vs cost
  • Cons
  • 2 - 4 year replacement intervals
  • Rising costs, longer lead times
  • Unpredictable performance
  • Temperature and cycling issues
  • Health and safety issues
  • Environmental impact

4
Wet Cell Batteries
  • Pros
  • Proven performance
  • Excellent dynamic response
  • 5 minutes to hours of run time
  • Higher reliability than VRLA
  • Cons
  • Expensive, plus high installation costs
  • Rising costs, longer lead times
  • Frequent maintenance requirements
  • Large footprint, floor loading issues
  • Temperature and cycling issues
  • Health and safety issues, environmental impact

5
Batteries Are the Weakest Link
High Medium to Large High Unpredictable Low High
  • Installation cost
  • Footprint
  • Maintenance
  • Life expectancy
  • Standby cost
  • Air conditioning costs

Lifecycle Cost
Slow Speculative Unpredictable Low 2,000 hrs
  • Recharge
  • Diagnostics monitoring
  • State of charge/backup time
  • MTBF

Reliability
Narrow Yes Yes Yes Yes
  • Operating temp. range
  • Hazardous materials
  • Toxic, explosive gas emissions
  • Disposal requirements
  • Ventilation requirements

EnvironmentSafety
6
Unreliable Dangerous
  • UPS lead-acid batteries swell, split, leak acid
    and emit lead and sulfuric acid vapors
  • Also emit explosive gases

Explosive battery gas emissions literally blew
the roof off of this building
Swelling and splitting creates acid spills and
releases flammable gases
Pressure buildup can result in battery housing
explosions
7
Even Happened to Us
  • After 4 yrs, a 0.2 kVA UPS in IT failed
  • Sulfuric acid fumes filled the IT office
  • UPS diagnostics had reported no faultsor
    discharges for the 12 months prior

Swelling reached limit began to rapidly emit
sulfuric acid fumes and explosive gas
Second battery was too swollen to pull out of the
case
8
Leading Causes of Dropped Loads
Circuit breaker UPS component Logic
board Utility/generator Other external Human
error Batteries Other (lt2 each)
  • Leading cause of failure batteries
  • Corrosion, normal aging process
  • Drying out the most common cause
  • Premature failure
  • Use/ of discharges
  • Improper voltage charge
  • Temperature gt75F
  • Excess charge current
  • Stained battery terminals

9
Todays Power Quality Configuration
ATS
Protected load
UPS
Utility feed
Back-up genset
Flywheel
Optional batteries
10
EPRI Utility Power Quality Study
  • Very brief power interruptions are common, and
    cause early failure of lead-acid batteries

11
Flywheels
  • Pros
  • Compact footprint/high energy density
  • Excellent dynamic response
  • Low maintenance
  • No HVAC needs
  • Long design life 20 years
  • Much lower own operate costs
  • Cons
  • Short runtime (seconds vs. minutes)
  • New technology
  • Higher initial cost than VRLAs

12
Major Flywheel System Benefits
  • Flywheel alone
  • Transition power to genset
  • Eliminates batteries
  • Increases reliability
  • Significantly reduces lifecycle costs
  • Eliminates health safety issues
  • Eliminates environmental issues
  • Battery parallel
  • Transition power to genset
  • Redundant energy storage
  • Increases battery life
  • Enables battery reduction

13
Flywheel Technology Evolution
KE m (rpm)²
  • High-speed 52,000 rpm
  • More speed means more energy
  • Double rpm energy quadrupled
  • Low-speed 7,200 rpm
  • More mass means more energy
  • Double mass energy doubled
  • Light (50 lbs)
  • Compact cylinder
  • Full magnetic levitation
  • Inspection every year, moderate service every 6
    yrs
  • Very low standby power consumption
  • Heavy (800 lbs)
  • Large wheel
  • Mechanical bearings
  • Minor service every 6 months, major service every
    2-3 years
  • High standby power consumption

14
Flywheels Carbon Fiber vs. Steel
Steel
Carbon fiber
250 kWb 400600 Vdc Battery-like 3000W
190 kWb 350850 Vdc Symmetrical 300W
  • Maximum output power
  • Voltage range
  • Recharge vs. discharge
  • Standby losses

Operation
  • Bearing maintenance
  • Bearing replacement
  • Vacuum pump maintenance
  • Vacuum pump replacement

None Never None Never
Every year Every 2-3 yrs (4K) Every year Every
3-4 yrs (2K)
Maintenance
  • Operating temp. range
  • Footprint
  • Weight
  • Sound level at 1 meter
  • Floor preparation
  • Cabinet with casters
  • Installation startup time

-20 to 40C 10 sq ft 3,800 lbs lt72 dBA Needs
Concrete Pad No 1-2 days
-20 to 50C 5.7 sq ft 1,300 lbs lt45
dBA None Yes 1-2 hours
EnvironmentalRequirements
15
Pentadyne Technology Highlights
Flywheel module
Rotating group
16
One Line
Flywheel Module
IGBT Power Converter
Soft Start
To UPSBattery Input
Sensors
Temperature
Sensors
Speed
Position
Sensors
Magnetic Levitation Module
DC Monitoring
Motor Generator Controls
Power Conversion Module Controller
Remote Monitoring Controls (Optional)
AC Aux Backup
COM
17
Flywheel Module Components
18
Technical Details Vacuum Sleeve
NO VACUUM PUMP
  • Factory-sealed high vacuum
  • Patented vacuum sleeve an integral part of the
    shaft
  • Helical grooves draw molecules out of high-vacuum
    chamber
  • No maintenance
  • Never needs replacement

19
Flywheel Cabinet Layout
Flywheel Disconnect
LCD Control Panel
Versatile Interface Board
Data Collection Module (optional)
Motor-Generator Filter Assembly
Magnetic Levitation Module
Power ConversionModule
Flywheel Module
Air Filter (optional)
Casters
20
Product Specifications
UL certification requirements have an upper
limit of 600 Vdc
21
End-User Benefits
  • lt50 kW to several MWs
  • Single unit provides up to 190 kWb
  • Eliminate or reduce lead-acid battery use
  • High power density, lightweight, quiet
  • Near-zero maintenance highest availability
  • Very low standby power consumption
  • Programmable voltage
  • Front serviceable
  • Top or side cable entry
  • User-friendly
  • Rolls into place
  • Installs on any floor

5-yearwarranty
22
Bringing It Into Perspective
Flywheel vs. Batteries
  • Installation cost
  • Footprint
  • Maintenance
  • Life expectation
  • Standby cost
  • HVAC costs

Low Small Very infrequent 20 years Low to
high None
High Large to very large Very frequent 2-4
years Low High
Lifecycle Cost
  • Recharge
  • Diagnostics monitoring
  • Known state of charge
  • Availability interruption

Slow Speculative Never 2,000 hrs
Rapid Accurate Always gt50,000 hrs
Reliability
Very narrow Yes Yes Yes Often
Broad None None None None
  • Operating temperature range
  • Hazardous materials
  • Toxic, explosive gas emissions
  • Disposal requirements
  • Fire hazard permitting

EnvironmentSafety
23
Lifecycle Cost vs. VRLA Batteries
Flywheels cost 50 more than VRLA batteries, but
eliminating battery maintenance and replacement
saves more than 100,000/flywheel deployed over
the course of the flywheels 20-year design life.
24
Do You Have Space Issues?
Scripps Green Hospital San Diego
  • Application
  • Cath lab expansion
  • 500-kVA UPS requirement
  • Retrofit construction
  • Issues
  • Many premature battery failures due to very
    frequent step loading
  • 350 very brief discharges/week
  • 300 sq. ft. UPS room for 150-kVA UPS with
    batteries
  • Batteries for 500-kVA UPS would take space away
    from cath labs and add 70K in construction costs
  • Solution
  • 500-kVA GE UPS and three flywheels
  • Fits tight space, eliminates HVAC needs
  • Eliminated batteries

25
Footprint Comparison
  • Floorspace needed by VRLA cabinets for a 300-kVA
    UPS is nearly double that of a similar capacity
    pair of flywheels (green). Compared to a one
    megawatt set of wet cells, the flywheel footprint
    is nearly 80 less (orange).

26
Experienced Battery Failures?
NetAlliant Technologies - Chattanooga
  • Application
  • Co-location data center
  • 80-kVA UPS with expansion plans
  • Issues
  • gt100 outages (most brief)/yr
  • Experiencing battery failures without warning
  • Some actually blew-up
  • Footprint and maintenance considerations
  • Solution
  • 80-kVA Liebert UPS and one flywheel
  • Fits tight space, eliminates HVAC needs
  • Eliminated batteries
  • Lightweight flywheel cabinet rolls into place and
    bolts on raised floor

27
Cooling Constraints?
WBRZ Broadcasting Baton Rouge
  • Application
  • TV broadcast studio and transmitter
  • UPS in unconditioned equipment room
  • Issues
  • Equipment room temperature unregulated
  • Batteries were lasting less than 2 years
  • Frequent outages due to thunderstorms and
    hurricanes
  • Solution
  • 50-kVA Mitsubishi UPS and one flywheel
  • Fits tight, unconditioned space (no HVAC needs)
  • Installed in parallel with existing battery
    string, which will be phased out
  • Plans to use another UPS and flywheel at remote
    digital transmission site

28
Floor Loading Issues?
DoD Data Center
  • Application
  • Supercomputer expansion
  • Issues
  • Availability and reliability paramount
  • Upper floor siting, floor loading issues
  • Additional space requirement and floor loading
    issues would require additional construction
    cost
  • Seeking alternative to wet cell battery plant and
    associated installation and maintenance costs
  • Solution
  • 4 x 625-kVA UPS systems with 20 flywheels
  • Footprint savings
  • Eliminates floor loading issues
  • Eliminates need for batteries
  • Planning larger flywheel installation next year

29
Sustainability Concerns?
  • Which would you rather dispose of?
  • A 20-year-life flywheelwithout hazardous or
    toxic materials.

30
Sustainability Benefits
  • or 20 years worth oflead-acid batteries?

During its 20-year design life, each Pentadyne
flywheel mitigates the dumping of 15,000 pounds
of lead and hundreds of gallons of sulfuric acid
into the worlds ecosystem. Lead acid batteries
also emit ozone-depleting gases, contributing to
global warming.
An accurate representation of the number of VRLA
UPS batteries requiring disposal for the same
energy capacity and life of a Pentadyne flywheel
31
Example Hospital
Scripps Green Hospital California
  • 500-kVA UPS
  • 3 flywheels
  • Eliminated existing batteries
  • Catherization lab equipment
  • Ride-through to gensets
  • Drivers
  • Space constraints
  • Eliminate batteries
  • Frequent battery issues
  • Not enough space to expand
  • We just cant take risks
  • Reliability of patient care
  • Eliminate maintenance

32
Example Hospital
Meriter Hospital Madison, Wisconsin
  • Four UPSs
  • 75-kVA, 375-kVA two 150-kVA
  • 5 flywheels total
  • Eliminated batteries
  • Ride-through to genset
  • Drivers
  • Short battery life
  • Battery reliability issues
  • Battery maintenance issues
  • Unconditioned space

33
Example Hospital
Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Ohio
  • Four 750-kVA UPSs
  • 16 flywheels
  • Protecting data center loads
  • In parallel with batteries
  • Drivers
  • Short battery life
  • Battery reliability issues
  • Battery maintenance issues
  • Space constraints

34
Award-Winning Technology
  • Awards
  • 2007 Buildings magazine Editors Choice Top
    Product Pick
  • 2007 ECM magazine Power Conditioning Product of
    the Year
  • 2007 SearchDataCenter.com Back-up Product of
    the Year
  • 2006 World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer
    Award
  • 2006 Consulting-Specifying Engineer A Perfect
    10
  • 2006 Frost Sullivan Product Innovation Award
  • 2005 Frost Sullivan Technology Innovation
    Award"

35
Pentadyne Power Corporation
  • Company
  • Founded carbon flywheel technology in 1993
  • High-speed flywheel systems that provide a highly
    reliable DC energy source for critical power and
    energy recycling applications
  • Numerous product and design awards
  • Based in Chatsworth, California (Los Angeles
    area)
  • Investors
  • A venture capital funded company, Pentadyne has
    raised 40M to date and over 34M has been
    invested in developing our flywheel technology

36
Distribution Channels
  • Emerson Network Power / Liebert The Americas
  • Market segment Data centers, financial/corporate/
    hospital IT
  • Toshiba International Corporation The Americas
  • Market segment Medical imaging devices,
    broadcast, industrial
  • Socomec EMEA Asia
  • Market segment All
  • EHWA Technologies South Korea
  • Market segment Data centers, financial/corporate
    IT, military
  • Pentadyne Direct USA
  • Market segment Department of Defense, initial
    market seeding

37
Thank you!
pentadyne.com
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