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Metal Complexes

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Coordinate Covalent Bonds - A bond where one atom donates both e ... Color Dyes Cu 2 phthalocyanine blue used for inks, paint, blue jeans. Removal of Metals ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Metal Complexes


1
Metal Complexes
  • With your Chemistry 1B Host
  • Dr. Mike Daniel

2
Metal Complexes
  • Coordinate Covalent Bonds - A bond where one atom
    donates both e-
  • Lewis Acid - Substance that accepts pair of e-
  • Lewis Base - Substance that donates pair of e-
  • H O-H ? H2O



3
Metal Complexes
  • Lewis Acid - Substance that accepts pair of e-
  • Lewis Base - Substance that donates pair of e-
  • Mn OH2 ? M-OH2



4
Metal Complexes
  • Metal acts as Lewis Acid, accepting e- pairs
  • e- pair donor, is a Lewis Base, called a Ligand

5
Ligand
  • Ligand
  • Monodentate (literally, one tooth) Ligand, a
    ligand that forms one coordinate covalent bond
    using 1 atom and 1 e- pair
  • Examples
  • Halides
  • H2O, NH3, CN-,

6
Ligand
  • Bidentate Ligand - Have two donor atoms
  • Examples
  • C2O4-2 Oxalate ion
  • NH2CH2CH2NH2, ethylenediamine (en)
  • Polydentate Ligand - Having more than one donor
    atom
  • Polydentate Ligands that form rings called
    Chelates or Chelating Agent

7
Ligand
  • Bidentate Ligand - Have two donor atoms
  • Examples are also chelates

Oxalate Ion
en
8
Metal Complex Formulas
  • Metal Ligand
  • Pt (NH3)4 Cl2 Br2
  • What is charge on Pt?
  • Cr (H2O)4 Cl2 Cl
  • What is charge on Cr?
  • K2 Pt Cl6 Pt Charge?

9
Chelate Effect
  • Complexes with chelates are more stable than with
    monodentate ligands.
  • Monodentate Ligand can leave if bond breaks.
  • Polydentate Ligand, if one bond breaks, another
    bond holds it near metal so the donor atom can
    reform bond

10
Chelate Effect
11
Coordination Number and Structure
  • Coordination number donor atoms attached
    bonds to Metal

12
Coordination Number and Structure
13
Isomers
  • Isomers are compounds with same formulas but
    different structures (and different properties)
  • Cr (NH3)5 SO4 Br vs. Cr (NH3)5 Br SO4
  • 1st Cmp AgNO3 (aq) -gt ppt
  • 1st Cmp Ba(NO3)2 (aq) -gt NAR

14
Isomers
  • Cr (NH3)5 SO4 Br vs. Cr (NH3)5 Br SO4
  • 2nd Cmp AgNO3 (aq) -gt NAR
  • 2nd Cmp Ba(NO3)2 (aq) -gt ppt

15
Stereoisomers
  • Isomers that arise as a result of various
    possible orientation of atoms in space
  • Geometric Isomers are Stereoisomers with
    different geometries
  • Cis Isomer has two groups on same side of
    molecule
  • Trans Isomer has two groups on different sides of
    molecule

16
Cis and Trans Pt (NH3)2 Cl2
Cis Active against Testicular, Ovarian, Bone
cancer
Trans Inactive
Return to Uses
17
Cis and Trans Co (NH3)4 Cl2
Trans Green Cis - Violet
18
Optical Isomers
  • Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each
    other but are not superimposable
  • Superimposable means one structure and its mirror
    image could blend perfectly with every part of
    one coinciding with other.
  • E.G. Your right and left hand are mirror images
    of each other but are not superimposable, (your
    right hand doesnt fit into a left glove)

19
Optical IsomersCo(en)2NH3Cl
Mirror Plane
20
Optical Isomers
  • Optical Isomers have identical properties except
  • They rotate polarized light in different
    directions
  • They will react differently with another
    optically active substance

21
Optical Isomers
  • Optical Isomers more important in organic
    chemistry
  • Tetrahedron with 4 different attached groups will
    be optically active.

22
Uses of Metal Complexes
  • Photosynthesis Mg2 porphyrin convert light
    energy, CO2, water and minerals into
    carbohydrates, and other compounds
  • Green Color due to Chlorophyll absorbing red and
    purple light

23
Chlorophyll
24
Uses of Metal Complexes
  • Hemoglobin Fe2 porphyrin transports O2

25
Hemoglobin
26
Uses of Metal Complexes
  • Color Dyes Cu2 phthalocyanine blue used for
    inks, paint, blue jeans
  • Removal of Metals
  • Water Softening (removal of Ca2, Mg2, Fe2)
  • Poison Treatment (removal of Hg2 Pb2)

27
Uses of Metal Complexes
  • Cancer Treatment
  • Soil Treatment Control of plant uptake of
    metals, Fe (en)3 3 provides iron to oaks
  • Electroplating Metal Complexes provide more
    uniform, better looking and adherent surface.
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