Smallpox (Variola) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Smallpox (Variola)

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Major epidemic during the Renaissance. Mainly from the 15th to the 18th c. ... High fever (101-104 F), back and muscle pains, and vomiting occur before breakout. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Smallpox (Variola)


1
Smallpox(Variola)
  • Jen Swank, Jason Rodrigue, Anthony Worm

2
Overview
  • Virus, therefore no cure
  • Infectious and contagious
  • Originally called the Red Plague
  • Later called Small Pox to distinguish from the
    Great Pox (Syphilis)
  • Vaccine available
  • Humans are only known natural hosts
  • Declared eradicated
  • The name comes from pox the Latin word for
    spotted
  • Many forms
  • Majora, Minora, Flat, Hemorrhagic
  • Related to Cowpox and Chickenpox

3
History
  • Major epidemic during the Renaissance.
  • Mainly from the 15th to the 18th c.
  • 1440s Killed more people in France than the
    plague
  • Vaccination method discovered - 1796
  • Last reported case in US 1949
  • Last natural reported world case Somalia 1977
  • Declared Eradicated in 1980
  • Nations still have stocks of it however

4
Causes, Spreading, Symptoms
  • Caused by virus, therefore not curable
  • Patients become immune after recovery, so
    vaccination is possible
  • Highly Contagious
  • Spread as aerosol through tiny droplets
    discharged from mouth and nose
  • Bodily fluids and discharge
  • 1-2 week incubation period. (not contagious)

5
1st Stage (days 1-7)
  • High fever (101-104F), back and muscle pains,
    and vomiting occur before breakout.
    (2-4 days)
  • Small red spots surface.
  • Start on palms and bottom of feet
  • (4 days)
  • Person is contagious
  • Fever falls and rash spot turn into raised bumps
    (BB size)
  • Bumps fill with thick puss. Called pustules

6
2nd Stage (days 8-15)
  • Fever returns
  • Bacteria begins to infect the pustules (5
    days)
  • Pustules can combine
  • Most deadly stage
  • Pustules begin to scab (5 days)

7
Recovery (week 3)
  • Pustules continue to scab and begin to fall off
    (6 days)
  • Scars remain where pustules were
  • Most gone after 3 weeks
  • Person still contagious until all pustules have
    fallen off
  • Person develops long-term immunity to virus

8
Casualties
  • The pocks do not kill the patient
  • Death is caused by secondary infection
  • Lung, heart, and brain especially
  • Most deaths occur during 2nd week

Case Type Virus Mortality Rate
Mild Variloa Minora 1
Severe Variloa Majora 25-30
Flat Hemorrhagic Variloa Majora Rare Usually Fatal
9
Treatment
  • Only treatment is vaccination
  • Feasible vaccine developed in 1796 by Edward
    Jenner.
  • Heard that people infected with Cowpox did not
    catch Smallpox
  • Cowpox is minor disease caused by a different
    virus that causes only minor irritation
  • 1st vaccination performed on 8 year old James
    Phipps from a cowpox lymph

10
Sources
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    www.bt.cdc.gov
  • La Belle Compagnie Inc. www.labelle.org
  • UCLA online library http//www.library.ucla.edu/li
    braries/biomed/smallpox/
  • World Health Organization www.who.int/en
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