Propaganda

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Propaganda
Persuasion
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Persuasion

• A communication process to influence others
• Recipient voluntarily adopts new behavior or
  point of view
• Mutually satisfying
• Both persuader persuadee stand to have needs
  fulfilled

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Propaganda

• Deliberate systematic attempt to shape
  perceptions, manipulate congitions direct
  behavior
• Goal is to further cause of propagandist
• No concern for well-being of recipient
• Though propagandist may profess concern

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Propaganda

• Ultimate goal is to control public opinion
  manipulate behavior
• Voting
• Buying products
• Joining an organization
• Fighting for a cause
• Etc.

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Propaganda often involves

• Concealed purpose
• Concealed identity
• Control of information flow

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Propaganda devices

• Play on emotion
• Avoid objectivity
• Discourage examination of evidence
• Often rely on symbols
• Are most effective when there is a vacuum of info
  around an issue

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Historically effective elements of propaganda

• Charismatic figures
• Heavy symbolism
• Simple incessant moral philosophy
• Understanding of audience needs
• Reliance on image emotion

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Propaganda throughout history

• Generally in support of war or religion
• Architecture public monuments
• Prestige dynastic legitimacy

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• Alexander the Great
• Symbolism of marriage
• Caesars of Imperial Rome
• corporate symbolism
• Art, architecture, literature, coinage

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Religious propaganda

• Often aimed at positive social or political
  purpose
• Parables metaphors
• Eye of the camel, shepherd flock
• Crusades religion war

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Forms of propaganda

• White propaganda
• Source is correctly identified
• Info is accurate
• Attempts to build credibility

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Examples of white propaganda

• Voice of America
• National holidays
• Olympics

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Black Propaganda

• Credited to a false source
• Spreads lies, fabrications deceptions
• Examples of black propaganda
• WWII radio
• leaflets

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Gray Propaganda

• Source may or may not be correctly identified
• Accuracy of info is uncertain
• Examples of gray propaganda
• Distorted statistics
• Unsupported advertising claims

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Disinformation (black propaganda)

• False, incomplete or misleading info fed to
  targeted individual, group or country
• News stories designed to weaken adversaries,
  planted by foreign agent journalists

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Subpropaganda(facilitative communication)

• Spreading of unfamiliar doctrine to build base of
  support for future use
• Builds friendly atmosphere keeps lines of
  communication open for eventual use of propaganda
  tactics
• Often, though not always, aimed at news media

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Hate propaganda(atrocity stories)

• Sometimes true
• But often exaggerated and/or fabricated
• Massacre
• Mutilation
• Mistreatment

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Coercive Propaganda

• Brainwashing of prisoners
• Integration Propaganda
• Maintains the status quo
• Agitation Propaganda
• Arouse support for a cause

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7 Common Propaganda Devices

• Name calling
• Giving an ideal a bad label
• Glittering generality
• Association with a virtue word
• Transfer
• Of respect authority

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• Testimonial
• Respected or hated person speaks for an issue
• Plain Folks
• of the people
• Card Stacking
• Best or worse case
• Band Wagon
• everybody is doing it

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Two more common devices

• Fear Appeals
• Disaster will ensue
• Euphemisms
• Nice words

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Reasons for growth in use of propaganda in 19th
20th centuries

• Development of democratic institutions
• Improvements in transportation communication
• Growth of mass media
• bypasses traditional socializing institutions

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• Emergence of mass audience
• Growth in advertising
• consumer advertising tactics used to market
  politics

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News Media Propaganda

• Whenever possible, propagandists attempt to
  control the news media.
• The role of the news media in propaganda varies
  according to country and culture.
• In an open society, the news media are more often
  channels of propaganda than actual propagandists.

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• When the state controls the news media, they are
  often utilized for propaganda purposes.
• New technologies provide opportunities for
  propagandists ( counter-propagandists)