Title: Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Experiences and Cooperative Learning: the Web based
1Computer-Supported Intentional Learning
Experiences and Cooperative Learning the Web
based Chat Room.
- Lawrence W. Sherman, Ph D.
- Department of Educational Psychology
- Miami University, Oxford, Ohio USA
- Treasurer, IASCE
- http//www.users.muohio.edu/shermalw
- A presentation to the
- IASCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE,
- JUNE 21-14, 2004
- Singapore
2Abstract of Session
- This experiential session will provide hands-on
activities utilizing an asynchronius web-based
chat room environment. Cooperative learning
will be emphasized in all activities, especially
positive interdependence in distance
communication. Software will be distributed to
participants.
3I have provided an On-Line-Discussion site for
participants of this session. It is available at
the following addresshttp//unixgen1.mcs.muohi
o.edu/7Eshermalw/wwwboard5/wwwboard/wwwboard.html
4Introductions
- Introduce myself
- Introduce participants to each other
- Do Circles of Learning to build community
- Simulate a DEC experience
- Demonstrate Program
- Questions and answers
5Five Basic Elements of Cooperative Learning
- Positive Interdependence
- Individual Accountability
- Face To Face Interactions
- Heterogeneous Grouping
- Social Skills
6Some examples of pages from the On-Line
Discussion sites
7(No Transcript)
8(No Transcript)
9(No Transcript)
10(No Transcript)
11Some Examples of student comments from their
e-portfolios concerning the On-Line-Discussions
12Netpost Reflections
- Over the course of this semester, we have
completed a reflection and reaction every week.
They have been based on what we learned in class
and I have found them to be very beneficial.
They have challenged my mind and I have greatly
enjoyed what my peers have had to say about each
prompt. We have completed ten of these
reflections and they are included in the next
pages. You can also get to them by clicking on
the following numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10.
13Netpost Reflections
- I believe that this is an invaluable aspect of
the class and should be implemented more in other
classroom settings. By requiring students to
personally respond to what they are learning
about in class, it forces the students to
critically think about the concept and put it
into their own words, furthering their
understanding of the concept. Additionally, it
allows students to view one another's thoughts
and ideas. This type of assignment could be
given in any content area classroom. I can see
myself using it in either my future math
classroom or my future language arts classroom.
Return to Index
14Reflections
- EDP 303 Section A Online Discussions
- I liked having a part of this class as
reflections online. I felt it was beneficial to
know other classmates thoughts on the concepts we
have learned this semester. I also like how we
could react to other students. I like the online
discussion in that you gave us a topic but we
were able to make it personal to us by showing
how we can apply certain ideas in a classroom.
INDEX
15Reflections Reactions
- Reflections Reactions were beneficial in
allowing us to think outside of class over topics
related to our discussion. Instead of having our
own perspective we were able to see twenty-five
others from our classmates. The only problem real
that I had with reflections reactions was
sometimes not having access to a computer over
the weekend, which resulted in either not posting
or a late post. Another problem was having to
depend on Miamis server to be up continuously,
which is a rarity. I can remember at least once
when the entire internet on campus was down, and
others when the server was down. However, I
thought this was an excellent method to encourage
outside thinking. - Return to index
16Ten Pitfalls to Avoid
17Web Discussion Pitfall 1 Too much information
- Problem.
- Teachers fail to organize conversations,
participants become confused. - Solution.
- Plan and streamline course discussions. Plot the
duration and focus of discussion threads. Have
students take turns running discussions about
course content
18Web Discussion Pitfall 2 Students
technologically handicapped
- Problem.
- Students are easily stumped by online tasks
- Cutting and pasting text on the Web sometimes
they lack Web expertise, misunderstand directions
or are unsure whats expected of them. - Solution.
- Structure online activity. Provide guidelines for
posting and pasting material, how often to
comment, length of comments and what to say to
them.
19Web Discussion Pitfall 3Unjustified comments.
- Problem.
- Students comments lack justification. They often
make assertions without provident evidence. - Solution.
- Model ways to support arguments. In your own
postings, cite research studies or theories to
back up your comments.
20Web Discussion Pitfall 4Making course content
connections
- Problem.
- Students seldom connect their online comments to
specific course concepts because they dont
realize theyre expected to, and they tend to
speak anecdotally. Comments are often unrelated
to course readings, theories or research topics
discussed in class. - Solution.
- Frame questions in terms of concepts. When
posting a question for students, ask them to
answer it using specifics from course readings
21Web Discussion Pitfall 5Being too nice on the
Web
- Problem.
- Students are too nice on the Web. Perhaps
because students also see each other regularly
face-to-face, and because their comments are
recorded online, many hesitate to criticize. - Solution.
- Encourage role-playing. Assign students to play
out roles of devils advocate, pessimist, or
optimist, to help them take different sides and
spur debate.
22Web Discussion Pitfall 6Camaraderie lacking
- Problem.
- Peer camaraderie is lacking. Students tend not
to reach out to each other online as fully as
they do face-to-face. - Solution.
- Assign online buddies. Pair up students to help
each other troubleshoot software problems and
respond to one anothers questions about course
content.
23Web Discussion Pitfall 7Instructor preaching
- Problem.
- Instructors struggle to teach and not preach.
Instructors easily fall into lecture mode,
jeopardizing student interaction. - Solution.
- Encourage students to initiate discussion topics.
Require them to take turns running discussion
threads about particular course readings.
24Web Discussion Pitfall 8Forming communities of
learners
- Problem.
- Its difficult to form a community of learners
online. Because students cant see each other,
it takes time for them to build trust and speak
freely. - Solution.
- Encourage students to interact casually. Allot
discussion threads or areas for hanging out and
personal introductions.
25Web Discussion Pitfall 9
- Problem.
- Web postings are time consuming to grade.
Students often post large amounts of text, making
it hard for instructors to keep up. - Solution.
- Award points according to set criteria. Give
points for posting regularly, interacting
concisely with others and showing deep thinking,
rather than for generating lots of text.
26Web Discussion Pitfall 10Technology glitches
- Problem.
- Computers crash. Students computers or Internet
connections may malfunction, or glitches may
plague online discussion software - Solution.
- Troubleshoot. Check in regularly to see whether
students need help using the discussion software
or whether you need to call technology support
personnel about more serious software problems.
27Three additional techniquesAdding context to
messages
- Reconstructed turn-taking
- Repair
- Formulations
28Reconstructed Turn-taking
- Students cut and paste lines from others
messages, paste them into a new message and
respond to them in turn.
29Repair
- Students correct, clarify or reorient comments
made by other students by saying, for example, I
believe student X meant or Building on student
Xs earlier comment They can also repair
comments they themselves have made.
30Formulations
- Students summarize and assess where the
conversation is headed based on previous messages
--- for example, someone might say, The tone of
recent postings has changed, signifying a shift
in the classs thinking Sometimes students
suggest new directions or topic shifts starting a
new thread
31Some useful References
- Bonk, C. J. Cummings, J. A. (1998). A dozen
recommendations for placing the student at the
center of Web-based instruction. Educational
Media International, 35(2), 82-89. - Bonk, C. J. Dennen, V.P. (1999). Teaching on
the Web With a little hell from my pedagogical
friends. Journal of Computing in Higher
Education, 11(1), 3-28. - Hall, R. (guest editor) (2000). The impact of the
internet, multimedia and virtual reality on
behavior and society. CyberPsychology and
Behavior, 3(1), entire issue. - Hara, N., Bonk, C. J. Angeli, C. (2000).
Content analyses of online discussion in an
applied educational psychology course.
Instructional Science, 28(2), 115-152. - Murray, B. (2000). Reinventing class discussion
online. APA Monitor on Psychology, April, 2000,
54-56. - Sherman, L. W. (2000). Postmodern constructivist
pedagogy for teaching and learning cooperatively
on the web. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 3(1),
51-58 - Sherman, L. W. (2001). Cooperative learning and
computer-supported intentional learning
experiences. In Learning and teaching on the
world wide web, Christopher Wolfe (editor). New
York Academic press, pp 113-130.