Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism

1
Stereotyping Prejudice Discrimination and
Racism

• Chapter 6

2
Ethnocentrism

• The tendency to view the world through ones own
  cultural filters
• Socialization
• For example male vs. female behavior
• Practically everyone is ethnocentric
• Is this good or bad Why or why not
• Are people aware that they are ethnocentric

3
Ethnocentrism

• Flexible ethnocentrism
• Ability to interpret the behavior of others form
  the others perspective
• Inflexible ethnocentrism
• Inability to interpret the behavior of others
  form the others perspective
• How do these concepts differ in reality

4
Categorization

• Stereotype
• A generalization about a group or its members
  based upon their categorization
• The cognitive component of categorization
• Prejudice
• A negative judgment about a group or its members
  based upon their categorization
• The evaluative component of categorization

5
Categorization

• Discrimination
• A negative behavior toward a group or its members
  based upon their categorizations
• The behavioral component of categorization
• ism
• Discriminatory belief (attitude) that is backed
  by institutional power
• The institutional component of categorization

6
Stereotypes

• Generalization about a group of people
• Can be good or bad
• Generally on a continuum
• Auto-stereotypes
• Stereotypes about ones own group
• Hetero-stereotypes
• Stereotypes about other groups

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Stereotypes

• Development of stereotypes
• An inevitable product of everyday life that maybe
  easily reinforced
• Selective attention
• Appraisal is it important to me
• Categorization group people together
• Attribution cause for others behavior
• Emotions

8
African Americansstereotypes

• interdependence
• emotional vitality
• collective survival
• oral tradition
• rhythm
• improvisation
• spirituality

9
Latinos stereotypes

• interdependence
• conformity
• avoidance of interpersonal conflict
• strong attachment loyalty
• clearly defined gender roles
• obedience to authority
• flexible attitudes toward time
• support to extended family
• collective identity

10
Asian/Americans stereotypes

• precedence of group interests over individual
  interests
• harmonious relationships
• importance of fulfilling obligations
• respect for elders
• control of undesirable emotions
• outward calmness
• open expression and confrontation avoidance
• high value on education

11
Native Americans stereotypes

• present orientation
• harmony with nature
• generosity
• cooperation
• interrelatedness of all life
• belief in mind/body/spirit relationship with
  Supreme Creator
• power of the spoken word
• support of families
• shared child-rearing to establish bases of
  collective responsibility
• more visual than auditory
• importance of silence

12
Anglo Americans stereotypes

• independence
• autonomy
• direct communication
• Present and future oriented

13
Prejudice

• Tendency to prejudge others on the basis of their
  group membership
• Results from an individuals inability to realize
  the limitations of ethnocentric and stereotypical
  thinking
• The more prejudice one is the more likely he/she
  will endorse stereotypical thinking

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Prejudice

• Forms of Prejudice (ism)
• Racism
• Classism
• Sexism
• Others

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ism

• Overt ism
• Open hostile acts of aggression against that
  particular population consciously and
  unapologetically
• Covert intentional ism
• Intentional but covered up so that one can deny
  that one is demonstrating that particular ism
• Covert unintentional ism
• Discriminatory behavior that is unintentional but
  serves to perpetuate ist traditions

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Discrimination

• Unfair treatment of others based on their group
  membership
• Can be either positive or negative but more
  often negative
• All concepts could be linked
• Ethnocentrism may lead to stereotyping and
  stereotyping may lead to prejudice and prejudice
  may lead to discrimination

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Discrimination

• Institutional discrimination
• Discrimination that occurs on the level of a
  society or institution.
• Unfair patterns of behavior or preferential
  treatment of people by a large group solely on
  the basis of group membership.
• May or may not be conscious and deliberate
• For example Affirmative Action
• Is it good or bad

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Affirmative Action

• Reverse Discrimination
• or an attempt
• To Reverse Discrimination
• Without the policy of Affirmative Action do
  Whites and Males enjoy an invisible action that
  affirms their status in society over other racial
  groups and women

19
Reducing prejudice and stereotypic thinking

• Self awareness
• Become more logical and less emotional by
  understanding the limitations of stereotypic
  thinking
• Recognizing ones own ethnocentrism and
  stereotypic thinking
• Reduce competitive thinking
• Contact

20
Stereotype threat

• A fear that one will confirm the negative
  stereotype of a group when confronted with a
  difficult task that imply differences in
  abilities
• Minorities and Standardized Tests

21
Affirmative Action

• Reverse Discrimination
• or an attempt
• To Reverse Discrimination
• Without the policy of Affirmative Action do
  Whites and Males enjoy an invisible action that
  affirms their status in society over other racial
  groups and women