Title: AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION Opportunities for Enhancing Integrated Governance
1AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION
Opportunities for Enhancing Integrated
Governance
- Global Oceans Forum 4
- Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Lori Ridgeway
- Director General, International Policy and
Integration - Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2 Contextual bottom lines
- Behaviour is the goal
- Challenging our concept of integration
- A distributed responsibility in an integrated
system every little bit counts
3An economists eye
- The aim change behaviour in favour of
responsible use of oceans (ABNJ) - Behaviour responds to cumulative signals and
incentives within the limits of capacity and
knowledge/information - Ultimately Integrated Governance is not about
form, but function - Need a well functioning system of governance
4Broadening our concept of integration
- Coherence is what matters, so incentives are
aligned and the system is effective - Integration matters so the system plays to
strengths, and the whole is greater than the sum
of the parts - Intermestic integrating domestic and
international interest - Horizontal connecting players, users,
institutions - Vertical connecting technical through to
decision-making/political - Tool-kit legal fwks/regulation through to
economic incentives - Spatial zoning, area-based planning
- Ecosystem-based approaches sectoral with
ecosystem planning/IM - New, new mainstreaming (e.g., climate change)
- Integration starts at home in our own
governments
5Who does Integration?
- Distributed broad responsibility
- Distributed broad opportunity
- Distributed broad accountability
6Where are the players?
- Global norms and standards/conventions/frameworks
- UN bodies (UNGA and other, FAO, UNEP, IOC-UNESCO)
- FAO Fisheries and aquaculture
- CBD (biodiversity)
- WTO (trade)
- IMO (shipping), ILO (labour standards)
- CITES (endangered species)
- OECD (narrower).
- Regional Bodies/approaches/collaboration and
cooperation - RFMOs
- Regional Seas/LMEs
- Ad hoc regional initiatives
- ICES, PICES (science)
- Ad Hoc on special topics (e.g., IUU) .
- Bilateral Cooperation Agreements/MOUs
- Trade agreements
- Problem solving (diplomatic, technical)
7Priority setting
- Intensity of the agenda vs scarce resources
- Priorities matter Integrated risk management
(e.g., see GEF re-orientation) - Have existing commitments (hard law, soft law and
political commitments) - Implementation gaps make it difficult to
determine risks that need further intervention - Closing the implementation gap is no small task
to make complete, even sectorally - Moving beyond current implementation, need good
forecasting and analysis and visioning linked to
risks. Includes assessment and feedback on
effectiveness of current approaches - Choices will depend on risk (necessity) and
resources - Validated intolerable risks can cause large
regime shifts in law or management - OR a critical success factor elsewhere (e.g.
climate)
8Avenues of action
- A continuum of planning from sectoral to possible
legal frameworks - Cannot have integrated management if no strong
sectors, able to manage to ecosystem outcomes as
pillars - Sectorally-based management improvements are high
payoff to ABNJ, especially if mainstream key
cross-cutting priorities (EBM, Climate
resilience) and include intrasectoral
integration, as previously described to get
incentives right - Impressive examples of regional and bilateral
cooperation to draw inspiration from, to pilot
integrated management and approaches in ABNJ - Tools development (technology, research on
spatially based tools, monitoring and
effectiveness) - Sectoral and integrated tables need integrated
knowledge foundation to build with now--
research, assessments, tools, indicators (e.g.,
GRAME, ESBA critieria) bio-geographic zoning,
GEOSS) - Closing legal gaps part of the possible package,
but burden of proof of need will be heavy,
including closing implementation gap and failed
pilots to demonstrate gaps are material - Institutional cooperation essential. Playing to
strengths of multi-stakeholders essential
9Example Fisheries largest extractive activity
in oceans
- Changing behaviour needs
- Capacity building for national management
- New global norms and standards
- port state, flag state, deep seas management ,
sustainable aquaculture - Impacts of fishing
- Implementing UNGA 2006 Standard for Vulnerable
Marine Ecosystems (VMEs), bycatch - Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
- Moving from single stocks to ecosystem based
approaches and linking to spatial management - Stronger regional management cooperation
- New RFMOs, RFMO Reform including KOBE Action plan
for Tuna RFMOs, managing for VMEs, Allocations
issues, overcapacity - IUU Fishing
- (MCS, vessel data bases, IUU lists, port and flag
state measures penalties etc) - Certification needs and traceability
- Ecolabels, certification for trade/IUU, food
safety - Interaction of RFMO and national management with
other tools (CiTES etc) - Enabling better management of small scale and
artisanal fisheries - Trade Business Development, especially for
small scale fisheries and aquaculture
10Integrated Science
- GRAME (Global reporting and Assessment of the
Marine Environment) (UNEP/IOC) - Assessment of assessments (regional)
- 20 regions teams, envtl quality, fisheries,
socio-economic dimension - Biodiversity Reporting, Identifying Vulnerable
Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) - Oceans observation
- Including modelling and forecasting, early
warning, quality, fisheries - Technologically challenging
- Link to Policy??
- Climate, forecasting and impacts
- Various, incl. ICES, PICES (North Pacific), IOC,
IPY, carbon footprint - Vulnerable areas and ecosystems
- EBSAs criteria (Canada), biogeographic zoning
(Mexico, water column and benthos), Portugal
(validation), CBD (Protected Area Working Group
(Feb), CoP (May) - Oceans hot spots
- ENGO work (corals, by-catch, turtles sharks,
seabirds) - Invasive species (ICES, PICES, other incl APEC)
- Understanding impacts and pressures
- Supporting spatial management
- See above re bio-geographic, including for
representative MPAs as well as hot spots - LME projects on marine environmental quality
11International Institutional Cooperation
- Are international organizations contributing to
or hindering international integration? - Joining up or competing? Examples of good and bad
- May link to origins of mandates but are roles
being fulfilled? - Literate in the linkages?
- Urgent priority to align and link MOUs,
partnering - Integrating events
- UN-ICP(Climate 2009?)
- Ad Hoc Working Group (extend, and decompress the
agenda) - UN Resolutions (forward looking political
commitment--use proactively) - GOF
- Conferences and workshops
- Capacity building
- Need small regional approaches (e.g. APEC no
secretariat, strong fwk) - IFIs
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13Bottom lines
- Integrated management starts at home, even
relating ABNJ
14DFOInternational Governance Strategy for
fisheries and oceans
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
PROGRAM ELEMENTS
Building Understanding of Fisheries and Oceans
Science (Projects)
International Science Activities
Managing for Sustainable Fisheries
Establishing Global Norms
NAFO Reform
Deterring Illegal Fishing
Other RFMO Reform
Managing for Marine Environmental and Ecosystem
Sustainability
International Biodiversity
Sensitive and Vulnerable Areas
UNCLOS Mapping
Developing Countries
Multilateral and Bilateral Effectiveness
Regional Goverannce Strategies
Advocacy
Enabling and Supporting Program Delivery
Communications
Legal Support
Risk Mgmt Accountability Framework
15Implementation pathways
- Getting foundations in place (data, analysis,
capacities) - Improving frameworks and ensuring external
pressure for change - Improving management actions
- Working to ensure incentives are right
- Monitoring and feedback