The Greek Climate Change Action Plan contents, way to implement, monitor and outputs of application

1
The Greek Climate Change Action Plan contents,
way to implement, monitor and outputs of
application of mitigation measures set in
CAPACITY BUILDING IN BALKAN COUNTRIES IN ORDER
TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM
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Brief history

• 1992 United Nations Framework Convention for
  Climate Change
• 1994 Ratification of the UNFCCC by the Greek
  Parliament.
• Preparation of the 1st Greek Climate Change
  Action Plan and submission to the UNFCCC of the
  1st National Communication.
• The Greek government taking into consideration
  both economic and social parameters, agreed that
  a realistic objective for Greece is the
  restriction of the overall increase of GHG
  emissions to 15 3.
• 1997 Submission to the UNFCCC of the 2nd Greek
  National Communication.
• 1997 Kyoto Protocol
• 2001 Preparation of the 2nd Greek Climate Change
  Action Plan and the 3rd National Communication.
  

Greece is going to ratify Kyoto Protocol before
June 2002
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Obligations of all EU countries for the reduction
of the emissions of 6 GHG in the period 2008-2012
compared to 1990 levels
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Steps for developing the NAP and the NC

• Establishing a National Climate Committee
• Establishing a Project Steering Committee
• Creating a Climate Change Team
• Developing work plan

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National Climate Committee - Responsibilities

• Overseeing of the National Policy and the
  implementation of the FCCC
• Overseeing of all the climate change related
  projects, programs and research activities
• Ensuring the consistence of the climate change
  policies and the national development priorities
• Ensuring the information of all the stakeholders
• Developing the negotiating positions and
  strategies for the Country
• Reviewing and finalizing the various components
  of the NC

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Project Work plan

• Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory
• Development of baseline scenario for Greenhouse
  Gas Emissions.
• Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis
• Vulnerability and adaptation assessment
• Preparation of National Communication

7
Preparation of National Communication

• Preparation of the draft National Communication
• Circulation of the draft NC
• Finalisation of the draft NC
• Submission of the draft NC to national government
• Finalisation, translation and publication of the
  NC
• Submission of the initial NC to the UNFCC
  Secretariat

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Total GHG emissions in Greece (in kt of CO2 eq)
for the period 1990-1999
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Comparison with other EU countries
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Energy projections Basic assumptions

• The ENPEP model has been used.
• The study covers the period 1995-2020.
• It is assumed that the population will increase
  with an average annual rate of 0.34 during the
  period 2000-2020. The average household size is
  assumed to decrease by approximately 1 for the
  same time period .
• Regarding GDP, the average annual rate of growth
  for the period 2000-2005 is estimated to be
  approximately 4.3, while this growth rate falls
  to 3.4 during the years 2005-2010. In the period
  after 2010 the annual economic expansion growth
  is projected to be around 3.
• The following assumptions were adopted for the
  international fuel prices included in the
  analysis
• Solid fuel prices will remain at 1997 levels
  during the study period.
• For oil prices the results obtained running the
  International Futures model for Greece have been
  used. According to these results, oil prices will
  increase slightly during the study period
  reaching a price of 21.06 1997/bbl in 2020.
• Natural gas prices will follow the fluctuations
  of oil prices.
• The current energy taxation system is maintained.
• The formulated Business as Usual Scenario takes
  into account the existing and already decided
  relevant policies and measures (e.g.
  liberalization of the electricity market,
  agreement between EU and ACEA for reduction of
  fuel consumption in new cars, etc.)

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Energy projections Baseline gross inland
consumption (ktoe)
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Energy projections Final energy demand
13
Energy projections Electric sector
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Evolution of GHG emissions in Greece (kt CO2 eq)
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Sectoral evolution of GHG emissions in Greece (kt
CO2 eq)
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The Greek NAP an overview

• Major potential
• Power generation sector
• Building sector
• Restructuring of the chemical industry
• Emission abatement technical potential (up to
  2010)
• 17314 kt CO2 eq
• Realistic estimation of GHG emissions abatement,
  taking into account more conservative
  implementation degrees as well as the synergies
  between the various interventions under
  consideration (up to 2010)
• 11372 kt CO2 eq

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Building sector
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Transport sector
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Power generation sector
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Industrial sector
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Non energy sectors
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Evolution of GHG emissions in Greece and the
Kyoto Protocol
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Criteria for evaluation of measures (1)

• GHG and Other Environmental Considerations
• GHG reduction potential (Tons of carbon
  equivalent)
• Other environmental considerations
• Percentage change in emissions of other
  gases/particulates
• Biodiversity, soil conservation, watershed
  management, indoor air quality, etc.

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Criteria for evaluation of measures (2)

• Economic and Social Considerations
• Cost-effectiveness
• Average and marginal costs
• Project-level considerations
• Capital and operating costs, opportunity costs,
  incremental costs
• Macro-economic considerations
• GDP, jobs created or lost, effects on inflation
  or interest rates, implications for long-term
  development, foreign exchange and trade, other
  economic benefits or drawbacks
• Equity considerations
• Differential impacts on countries, income groups
  or future generations

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Criteria for evaluation of measures (3)

• Administrative, Institutional and Political
  Considerations
• Administrative burden
• Institutional capabilities to undertake necessary
  information collection, monitoring, enforcement,
  permitting, etc.
• Political considerations
• Capacity to pass through political and
  bureaucratic processes and sustain political
  support
• Consistency with other public policies
• Replicability
• Adaptability to different geographical and
  socio-economic-cultural settings

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Economic evaluation Building sector
27
Economic evaluation Transport sector
28
Economic evaluation Industrial sector
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Economic evaluation Power generation sector
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Economic evaluation Non-energy sectors
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Policy measures

• Energy or carbon taxes and subsidies
• Tradable permit systems
• Standards (e.g. energy efficiency standards)
• Law 2244/94 - promotion of RES
• Energy efficiency standards and energy labeling
• Operational program of Energy

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Operational Program for Development (1)

• Support for the investments in cogeneration, RES
  and energy conservation
• Dissemination of information actions
• Infrastructure development
• Financial incentives for private energy
  investments
• Special support status
• Voluntary agreements
• Third Party Financing
• Total budget foreseen 1071 million Euros

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Operational Program for Development (2)

• Support to private investments
• Access to Natural Gas
• Connection of the Greek pipeline with the Italian
  and the Turkish
• Reinforcement of the flexibility and the
  reliability of the Natural Gas system
• Upgrading of the LNG station in Revithousa
• Upgrading of the network
• Construction of reservoirs

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Operational Program for Development (3)

• Development of energy infrastructure for RES and
  small islands
• Operation of the free energy market
• Penetration of NG in the households, the tertiary
  sector, new industrial consumers and transport

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Law for the development (2601/98)

• Subsidies for investments and programs in the
  field of electricity production by RES by
  electricity production industries and other types
  of enterprises
• Support to investments of RES exploitation and
  energy conservation

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First National Plan Emissions evolution
Target (2000) Limit the increase of emission to
15 3 compared to 1990
Estimation for 2000 (1999)
Estimated
Realistic potential
Potential
(1994)
(1994)
kt CO2

kt CO2
kt CO2
Natural Gas Penetration
6,012
74
4,455
3,937
Electricity Production
4,200
3,113
3,191
Industry
720
533
590
Domestic Tertiary Sector
1,092
809
154
Transport
0
0
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER PLANTS
370
100
370
226
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
3,267
70
2,287
2,622
Wind Energy
1,000
700
775
Small Hydro
221
155
273
Solar Energy
683
928
976
Conventional Systems
657
925
939
New Technologies
26
3
37
Geothermal Energy
42
14
60
Biomass
637
632
910
District Heating
42
81
60
Electricity Production
525
508
750
Biofuels
70
0
100
Wastes
0
43
Research and Development
100
70
n.a.
INDUSTRY
1,368
67
912
28
Cogeneration
80
53
15
Improvements on auxiliary processes
430
287
13
Interventions in energy intensive sectors
808
539
n.a.
Environmental Energy Audits
50
33
0
DOMESTIC TERTIARY SECTOR
1,103
67
735
? (
440
)
Lighting
470
313

Cogeneration
51
34

Central Heating
343
229
n.a.
Street Lighting
239
159

TRANSPORT
1,263
67
841
?
Fuel related measures
56
37
-
Vehicle related measures
300
200
n.a.
Transportation Management
470
313
n.a.
Public Transport
437
291
n.a.
TOTAL
13,383
9,600
6,813
440
7,253