MIS 580

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E-Government and Knowledge Management

• MIS 580
• Noyan Ilk
• Shaokun Fan
• Xiao (Erin) Yao

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Agenda

• Overview
• E-Government
• KM for E-Government
• Some Issues with KM in E-Government

• Technology
• Gov 2.0
• Ontologies

• Case Studies
• The MEDW Project
• The InfoCitizen Project
• KM System
• ADVISE Program

References
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E-Government An Overview

• The use of information technology to provide
  access to government information and delivery of
  public services to
• Citizens government-to-citizens (G2C)
• Businesses government-to-business (G2B)
• Government government-to-government (G2G)
• Employees government-to-employees (G2E)

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E-Government A Changing Service Model
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E-Government A Changing Service Model
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Recreation One Stop
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Timeline US Government Goes Electronic 1
White House 2.0 E-Gov Video
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Benefits of E-Government

• Improved government accountability to citizens
• Greater public access to information
• More efficient/effective government services
• More convenience of governmental services

Study by The Council for Excellence in
Government, August 2000
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Knowledge Management for E-Government

• At the level of a government, knowledge
  management (KM) for government can be defined as
  leveraging knowledge for improving internal
  processes, for formulation of sound government
  policies and programs and for efficient public
  service delivery for increased productivity 2.
• In 2002, print, film, magnetic, and optical
  storage media produced about 5 exabytes of new
  information (1 exabyte 1018 bytes) 3.
• 92 of the new information was stored on
  magnetic media, mostly in hard disks. Film
  represents 7 of the total, paper 0.01, and
  optical media 0.002. Almost 800 MB of recorded
  information is produced per person each year 2.
• Governments, therefore, face information
  explosion and KM can help governments in coping
  with information explosion leading to better
  policy formulation, better program implementation
  and need-based skill formation for increased
  productivity.

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The Need for Knowledge Integration in E-Government
Document Library
File Shares
Record DBs
Government Services
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KM for E-Government Challenges / Controversies
1, 2

• Disparate and out-dated information
  infrastructure and systems
• Lack of IT funding and personnel
• Security and privacy issues
• Organizational and cultural inertia
• Government laws and legal regulations

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Technical Trends for E-Government

• Government 2.0 apply the technology of Web 2.0
  to the practice of e government.
• Ontology a formal explicit specification of a
  shared body of concepts

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What is missing in E-Government 1.0?
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The Boom of Web 2.0
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Government 2.0 Technologies

• Government 2.0 4 is to provide more effective
  processes for government service delivery to
  individuals and businesses. Integration of tools
  such as
• wikis
• government-specific social networking sites
• blogs
• RSS feeds
• Google Maps

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Advantages of Government 2.0

• Provides new drivers and incentives for change
  towards better e-government
• Simple and user-oriented
• Interactive
• Collaborative
• Innovative

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Technical Challenges for KM in E-Government

• Interoperability Challenge 5
• Environment is heterogeneous
• Systems are widely distributed
• The use of one fixed vocabulary is not possible
• Search Challenge
• Resources are growing at exponential rates
• Users want more than exact keyword search, they
  are demanding both accuracy and completeness

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The Ontology-based Solution
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An Ontology Example
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Why Build Ontologies?

• To share common understanding of information
  among people or software agents
• To enable reuse of domain knowledge
• To analyze domain knowledge
• Some Issues / Controversies
• Who should build/maintain the ontology?
• What if ontology needs to be changed?
• Be aware of Human Flesh Search

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Case Studies

• The MEDW Project
• The InfoCitizen Project
• KM system
• ADVISE program

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Trends and Controversies

• Cooperation is important G2G MEDW,
  Infocitizen, KM system different departments,
  different regions, different countries
• Participation is still a challenge G2G
  Infocitizen, KM system
• Privacy is a big concern G2C, G2G Infocitizen,
  KM system, ADVISE11
• Centralization and Local Autonomy is also an
  issue G2G Infocitizen, KM system

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References

• Chen, H., Achieving Information Resources
  Empowerment A Digital Library and Knowledge
  Management Perspective. MIS 580 AI Lab
  Presentation.
• Misra, D.C., 2007. Ten guiding principles for
  knowledge management in e-Government in
  developing countries. In Proceedings of the
  First International Conference on Knowledge
  Management for Productivity and Competitiveness,
  January 11-12, 2007.
• SIMS (School of Information Management and
  System), University of California (UC), Berkeley
  (2003) How much information? 2003 Executive
  Summary, October 27.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_2.0
• Wimmer, M. A. 2006. Implementing a Knowledge
  Portal for e-Government Based on Semantic
  Modeling The e-Government Intelligent Portal
  (eip.at). In Proceedings of the 39th Annual
  Hawaii international Conference on System
  Sciences - Volume 04 (January 04 - 07, 2006).
  HICSS.
• Xing, C., Yang, J., He, W., Zhang, Y., and Chen,
  C., Research and Development of Key Technologies
  for E-government Case Studies in China, in
  Chen, H, and et al. (ed.), Digital Government -
  E-Government Research, Case Studies, and
  Implementation, 2007, pp. 615-645.

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References (Cont.)

• Adam, O., Werth, D., and Zangl, F., Distributed
  Knowledge Repositories for Pan-European Public
  Services, Wimmer, M. (ed.), Knowledge
  Management in e-Government, 2003, pp. 1-12.
• Morici ,R., Nunziata, E., and Sciarra, G., A
  Knowledge Manage System for E-government Projects
  and Actors, in Chen, H, and et al. (ed.),
  Knowledge Management in Electronic Government,
  2003, pp. 304-309.
• Adam, N., Janeja, V., Paliwal, A., Atluri, V.,
  Chun, S., Cooper, J., Paczkowski, J., Bornhovd,
  C., and Schaper, J., Semantics-based threat
  structure mining for homeland security, in
  Chen, H, and et al. (ed.), Digital Government -
  E-Government Research, Case Studies, and
  Implementation, 2007, pp. 308-327.
• SourceWatch entry on ADVISE http//www.sourcewat
  ch.org/index.php?titleADVISE
• DHS Privacy Office Review of the Analysis,
  Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and
  Semantic Enhancement (ADVISE) Program, Privacy
  Office, U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
  2007 http//www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/p
  rivacy_rpt_advise.pdf

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Project Consortium

• Scientific Partners
• Saarland University Institute of Information
  Systems (IWi) Germany
• University of Minho Portugal
• Center for Research and Technology
  Hellas/ Greece
• Informatics and Telematics Institute
  (CERTH/ITI)
• Industrial Partners
• Engineering Italy
• Ibermatica Spain
• ALTE C Greece
• User Partners
• Municipality of Colleferro Italy
• Municipality of Tres Cantos Spain
• Prefecture of Thessaloniki Greece
• Municipality of Schmelz Germany
• Dissemination Partner
• UNTC Greece

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Integration
Integration of authority distributed organisations
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Infocitizen European Architecture
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KM system Approach
Dimensions
Content management issues the creation of a
knowledge map
Community building issues definition of actors
and their roles in the KM system
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The Knowledge Map

• Codification, searching and Management of all
  document, resources and information about
  e-government

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Actors
All Internet Users
Local Governments
Regional Competence Centers and Staff

• Supporting and activating communities of users
  involved in e-government projects.