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Energy Balance and Body Composition

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Food Composition. Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry. Physiological fuel value ... Other measures of body composition. Air displacement plethysmography ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Energy Balance and Body Composition


1
Energy Balance and Body Composition
Studying 1 or 2 kcalories/minute
2
Energy Balance
3
Food Composition
  • Bomb calorimeter

4
Food Composition
  • Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry
  • Physiological fuel value

5
Food Intake
  • Hunger
  • Appetite
  • Satiation
  • Satiety

6
Food Intake
7
Food Intake
  • Overriding hunger and satiety
  • Stress eating
  • Sustaining satiation and satiety
  • satiating

8
Food Intake
  • Sustaining satiation and satiety
  • lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions
    for the same number of kcalories

9
Food Intake
  • Hypothalamus
  • Neuropeptide Y

10
Thermogenesis
  • Basal thermogenesis
  • Exercise-induced thermogenesis
  • Diet-induced thermogenesis
  • Adaptive thermogenesis

11
Components of Energy Expenditure
12
Components of Energy Expenditure
  • Basal metabolism
  • Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
  • Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

13
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14
Components of Energy Expenditure
  • Physical activity

15
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17
Components of Energy Expenditure
  • Thermic effect of food (TEF)
  • Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)

18
Estimating Energy Requirements
  • Gender
  • Growth
  • Age

19
Estimating Energy Requirements
  • Physical activity
  • Body composition
  • Body size

20
Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health
  • Body composition
  • Body weight fat lean tissue (including water)

21
Defining Healthy Body Weight
  • The criterion of fashion BMI of Miss America

22
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24
Defining Healthy Body Weight
  • The criterion of health
  • Body mass index (BMI)
  • weight (kg)/height (m)2

25
BMI Values Used to Assess Weight
26
Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults
27
Body Fat and Its Distribution
28
Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • Some people need less body fat
  • Some people need more body fat

29
Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • Fat distribution
  • Intra-abdominal fat
  • Central obesity

30
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31
Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • Waist circumference-according to some...if its
    anything over 35, its too much!

32
Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • Other measures of body composition
  • Fatfold measure
  • Hydrodensitometry
  • Bioelectrical impedance

33
Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • Other measures of body composition
  • Air displacement plethysmography
  • Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

34
Methods Used to Assess Body Fat
35
Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body
Fat
  • Health risks of underweight
  • Health risks of overweight

36
BMI and Mortality
37
Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body
Fat
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Diabetes

38
  • Cancer
  • Fat and fit versus sedentary and slim

39
The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again
  • The claims and truths of diet fads

40
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42
The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again
  • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets
  • The diets appeal

43
The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again
  • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets
  • Dont count kcalories
  • Satisfy hunger
  • Follow a plan
  • Limit choices

44
The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again
  • High-protein, low carbohydrate diets
  • Too much fat
  • Too much protein
  • Too little everything else
  • The bodys perspective

45
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