APA Publication Manual: Style Requirements and Application

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APA Publication Manual Style Requirements and
Application

• Dr. Myra Dingman
• Managing, Production Copy Editor
• Regent University
• August 26, 2006

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Session Goals

• Familiarize you with the APA style of writing
• Present the Top 10 APA Style Blunders
• Take a step-by-step look at examples
• Practice! (after the break)

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The Art of Writing

• To Write scratch, draw,
• inscribe, form, set down, author, compose,
  express, communicate, exhibit, impress
• Writing papers (a form of recording information
  and knowledge) opens the door for us to share
  our research and ideas with our community (or
  your professor).

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Examples of Writing from the Bible

• Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain. . .it
  was so much that he stopped keeping records
  color and italics added because it was beyond
  measure (Gen. 4149, New International Version).
  
• In Joshua 2425-26, Joshua noted that he drew up
  for them decrees and laws. And Joshua recorded
  these things in the Book of the Law of God.

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Why Use the APA Style?

• American Psychological Association published the
  first standard of procedures for writing journal
  manuscripts in 1929.
• Most social and behavioral science degrees have
  adopted APA as the official editorial style for
  formatting and presenting written material.

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Getting StartedSetting Up Your Paper

• APA Format (5th edition, 2001)
• 1-inch margins
• Times New Roman or Arial font (APA p. 285
  Courier is listed in 5th edition but will most
  likely be removed by 6th edition)
• 12-point font size
• Double-spaced
• Ragged justify
• Only 1 space between sentences

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Getting StartedSetting Up Your Paper

• APA Format cont.
• Set Header with page number
• Title page example (APA, p. 306 recommended
  10-12 words, p. 11 but dissertations and theses
  have longer titles)
• Abstract (recommended 100-120 words
  dissertations have 350 word max)
• Set paragraph rules (Widow/Orphan control, .5
  indent, double-space, 0 pt before and after
  paragraphs, etc.)
• Set all Headings in your paper using the Style
  toolbar (if you will need to build a table of
  contents)

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Beginning to Write

• Remember, you are writing this paper for someone
  to read it therefore, clear communication is a
  must!
• Introduction notes (APA, pp. 15-17)
• Presentation Expression (pp. 31-36)
• Tense (p. 33)
• Only use current, this, or present study
  for your own paper not another study.
• Avoid vague terminology

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Citing Sources in the Text (APA, p. 120)
• Cite last name only and date the first time a
  reference is used in a new paragraph
• Do not cite the date after the first time in the
  same para
• Do not use the title of the article

Kampa-Kokesch and Anderson (2001) provided a
comprehensive review of the literature on
executive coaching and summarized the
commonalities by compiling a five-stage process.
Two other studies by Sztucinski (2001) and Thach
(2002) offered a similar compilation as
Kampa-Kokesch and Anderson and helped to set the
foundation for the six-component executive
coaching process synthesized for this study.
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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Rules for Quotation of Sources (APA, p. 117)
• Use of commas
• Use of quotation marks
• Closing punctuation positioning

• A mentor is seen as a facilitator of learning
  (Lacey, 1999, p. 3).
• Kiel, Rimmer, Williams, and Doyle (1996) implied
  that trust between two parties will encourage
  people to work together, and Peterson (1996)
  stated, Coaches must learn how people view the
  world and what they care about (p. 79). When
  trust develops, it allows the executive to be
  open to change and willing to be influenced
  (Kiel et al., p. 67).

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Long quotes are any quotes over 40 words and are
  treated differently than regular quotes
  double-spaced, indented .5 inches, and ending
  punctuation is different (APA, p. 117).

To illustrate, the definition of executive
coaching by Kilburg (2000) included a
self-related outcome along with job-related
performance and organizational outcomes Executiv
e coaching is defined as a helping relationship
formed between a client who has managerial
authority and responsibility in an organization
and a consultant who uses a wide variety of
behavioral techniques and methods to help the
client achieve a mutually identified set of
goals. (p. 67)
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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• 7. Extra! Bible Quotations (APA, p. 213)
• You must list the Bible version you quote the
  first time you quote in the text.
• You only need to list the version again if you
  change versions that you quote.
• Do not include the Bible in your reference page,
  it is considered a major classical work.
• Use the first 3-4 letters of the book in ( ).

Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain it
was so much that he stopped keeping records
because it was beyond measure (Gen. 4149, New
International Version).
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Examples of Writing from the Bible

• Paul explained, This is why I write italics
  added these things when I am absent, that when I
  come I may not have to be harsh in my use of
  authoritythe authority the Lord gave me for
  building you up, not for tearing you down (2
  Cor. 1310).
• The doctor, Luke, wrote, Therefore, since I
  myself have carefully investigated everything
  from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to
  write an orderly account for you italics and
  color added (Luke 13-4).

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Seriation Rules (APA, pp. 115-117)
• Note No BULLETS allowed in APA
• Check your opening statement to see if it is a
  complete sentence
• Use a colon if a complete clause
• No comma between lists of 2 items

• These authors summarized the commonalities of
  processes by compiling a five-stage process (a)
  relationship building, (b) assessment, (c)
  intervention, (d) follow-up, and (e) evaluation.
• The two prominent areas of learning outcomes
  from executive coaching were (a) self-related and
  (b) job-related.

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Seriation Rules cont. (APA, pp. 115-117). When
  your items are complete sentences or paragraphs,
  you may list them using the numbering tool from
  the toolbar (indent .5 inches).

Olivero, Bane, and Kopelman (1997) noted that
goal-setting was one of the two critical
components in the coaching process. They stated
two reasons for the importance of setting a
goal 1. Goal-setting that is specific,
challenging, measurable, assignable,
realistic, and time- bound leads to higher
transfer levels. 2. Goal-setting enhances
perceived self-efficacy.
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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Headings (APA, p. 113)
• Use Level 1 3 for 2 levels in your paper
• Use Level 1, 3, and 4 for 3 levels in your paper

Chapter 4 Analysis of the Data (LEVEL
1) Demographic Characteristics of the Data
(LEVEL 3) Sample size. (LEVEL 4) The sampling
frame was 200 coaching clients. The sample
included
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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Consistency quotation marks are curved, use 2
  commas in a list of 3 or more items, use
  semi-colons when your list has commas in it, etc.

• Thus, many organizations have established
  leadership development programs that include
  experiences combined with assessment, challenge,
  and support.
• Growth goals can fall into many different areas
  including fostering self-awareness enhancing
  personal leadership, management, and
  interpersonal skills and improving business
  agility and technical or functional credibility.

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Italics verses Quotation Marks (APA, p. 82
  100).
• Use italics for key terms in your paper
• Only use quotation marks for actual quotes and
  for slang terminology or coined expressions

• Executive coaching is an alternative leadership
  development program that systematically addresses
  a leaders strengths, weaknesses, and soft skills
  necessary to become successful in their
  organization.
• Coaching professionals enjoy working one-on-one
  with their coachees and helping them get
  unstuck in their life and job.

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TOP 10 Mot ExpeniveAPA Mitake

• Referencing (APA, chapter 4, p. 215).

Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding
attitudes and predicting social behaviour.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. Allen, N.
J., Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and
antecedents of affective, continuance and
normative commitment to the organization.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology, 63(1), 1-19. Gegner, C. (1997).
Summary of executive coaching research project.
Retrieved June 14, 2003, from http//www.coaching
network.org
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Questions?

• Contact Information
• Myra Dingman, Ph.D.
• Managing Production Editor
• Director of Dissertation Editing
• School of Global Leadership and Entrepreneurship
• [phone]
• myradin_at_regent.edu