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Chapter 3 The Metric System

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Medium size Candy bar contains 240 Calories. ... Calories in Candy & Chocolate. Candy Serving Size Calories. Chocolate coated peanuts 1oz 155 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 3 The Metric System


1
Chapter 3The Metric System
  • Learning Objectives
  • To state the prefixes for multiples and fractions
    of basic units.
  • To write the unit equation for the basic unit and
    a prefix unit.
  • To perform metric-metric measurement conversions.
  • To perform metric-English measurement
    conversions.
  • To explain the density concept.
  • To perform temperature conversions.
  • To explain the concept of heat and specific heat.

2
The Metric System
  • Metric System uses decimals rather than
    fractions.

3
The everyday metric Conversion
  • Length
  • 1 kilometer 1,000 meter
  • 1 meter 100 centimeter
  • 1 centimeter 10 millimeter
  • 1 meter 1,000 millimeter
  • Mass
  • 1 metric ton 1000 kilogram
  • 1 kilogram 1,000 gram
  • 1 gram 1,000 milligram
  • Volume
  • 1 cubic meter 1,000 liter
  • 1 liter 1,000 milliliter

4
Metric Prefixes
  • Prefix Symbol Multiple/Fraction
  • mega M 106 1,000,000
  • kilo k 103 1,000
  • centi c 10-2 1/100
  • milli m 10-3 1/1000
  • micro µ 10-6 1/1,000,000
  • nano n 10-9 1/1,000,000,000
  • Example 3.1b,d
  • Self Test Ex. a,b
  • How to write metric unit factors (conversion
    factors)

5
The everyday English Conversion
  •  Length
  • 1 mile 1760 yard
  • 1 yard 3 feet
  • 1 foot (ft) 12 inches
  • 1 mile 5280 feet
  • Weight
  • 1 ton 2000 pound
  • 1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz) 
  • Volume
  • 1 gallon (gal) 4 quart (qt)
  • 1 quart 2 pint (pt)1 pint 2 cup1 cup 8
    ounces (oz) 16 teaspoons (tsp)

6
The everyday Metric-English Conversion
  • Length
  • 1 mile 1.61 kilometer
  • 1 inch 2.54 centimeter
  • Mass
  • 1 pound 454 gram
  • 1 ounce 28 gram
  • Volume
  • 1 gallon 3.78 liter
  • 1 quart 946 milliliter

7
Quick English-Metric Conversions
  • Multiply inches by 2.54 to get centimeters
  • Multiply feet by 0.305 to get meters
  • Multiply miles by 1.61 to get kilometers
  • Divide pounds by 2.2 to get kilograms
  • Multiply ounces by 28 to get grams
  • Multiply fluid ounces by 30 to get milliliters
  • Multiply gallons by 3.78 to get liters

8
Density (mass)/volume
  • Table Density of selected substances
  • Water 1.00 g/mL Ice 0.917 g/mL
  • Mercury 13.6 g/mL Aluminum 2.70 g/mL
  • Iron 7.87 g/mL Lead 11.3 g/mL
  • Hydrogen 0.090 g/L Helium 0.179 g/L
  • Air 1.29 g/L Oxygen 1.43 g/L
  • __________________________________________________
    ___________
  • The given density is measured at 0?C and 1
    atmospheric pressure.
  • __________________________________________________
    ___________
  • Quick Notes
  • 1 cubic centimeter 1 milliliter
  • 1 milliliter of distilled water has a mass of 1
    gram
  • 1 liter of distilled water has a mass of 1
    kilogram
  • 1 gallon of mercury has a mass of 51.4 kilogram
    (113 pound)
  • Example 3.13
  • Example 3.14

9
Comparing Temperature Using Different Scales
  • Freezing Point and Boling Point of water

10
Temperature Conversion
  • Fahrenheit (?F) Celsius (?C) Kelvin (K)
  • f.p. water 32 0 273
  • b.p. water 212 100 373
  • ?F 1.8?C 32
  • ?C (?F-32)/1.8
  • K ?C 273
  • Examples 3.16, 3.17, 3.18

11
Energy The ability to do work.
  • Units of energy
  • calorie (cal)
  • joule (J)
  • 1cal 4.184J
  • _______________________________________________
  • Want to Lose Weight
  • Watch Your Diet!
  • Food Calories
  • Medium size Candy bar contains 240 Calories.
    That is 240,000 calories or about 1.0 million
    joule. The fact of the matter is, that it takes
    1 joule of energy to lift 1 small apple of 1
    Newton weight (about 0.25 pound) for a distance
    of 1 meter. That concludes, some one should lift
    that apple one million times for a distance of 1
    meter to be able to burn all the calories
    generated from the snack bar.
  • OR an average person could climb the stairs of
    the chemistry building about 200 times.
  • __________________________________________________
    _____________

12
Calories in Candy Chocolate
  • Candy Serving Size Calories
  • Chocolate coated peanuts 1oz 155
  • Hershey bar 1 (1.5oz) 240
  • Hershey kisses 9 (1.5oz) 220
  • M M's, plain 1 pkt 230
  • M M's, peanut 1 pkt 250
  • Skittles 1 pkt (2.8oz) 250
  • Snickers bar 1 bar (2.1oz) 280

13
Specific Heat
  • Specific Heat amount of heat required to heat 1g
    substance 1 ?C
  • Examples of specific heat
  • Iron 0.108 cal/g.degree
  • Copper 0.0920 cal/g.degree
  • Water 1.00 cal/g.degree
  • Air .239 cal/g.degree
  • Rubber 0.480 cal/g.degree
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