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Myocardial Infarction

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A myocardial infarction is commonly known as heart attack ... Electrocardiogram (ECG) PURPOSE- The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive test that is used to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Myocardial Infarction


1
Myocardial Infarction
2
OVERVIEW
  • What is MI?
  • Heart
  • What causes MI?
  • Risk factors
  • Leading causes - Atherosclerosis Hypertension
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatments
  • Drugs
  • Prevention

3
What is MI?
  • A myocardial infarction is commonly known as
    heart attack
  • Death of part of the heart muscle due to its
    sudden loss of blood supply
  • Heart attacks - common for both men and women
    all over the world
  • Approximately 90 to 95 of heart attack victims
    who reach the hospital survive

4
Heart
  • External view
  • L.S of heart

5
What causes MI?
  • A MI is caused by the formation of a blood clot
    on a cholesterol plaque.
  • Cholesterol plaque is the formation of a hard,
    thick substance within the artery walls which is
    caused by deposits of cholesterol in the artery
    walls
  • During exercise or excitement, the narrowed
    coronary arteries cannot increase the blood
    supply to meet the increased oxygen demand of the
    heart muscle.
  • Occasionally the surface of the cholesterol
    plaque in the artery may rupture, then completely
    occludes blood flow in the vessel and results in
    a heart attack.

6
Risk Factors
  • Hypertension (High blood pressure)
  • Hyperlipidemia (High Cholesterol)
  • Smoking, Alcohols
  • Age gt45 yrs in men and gt55 yrs in women
  • Over weight
  • Physical Inactivity

7
Atherosclerosis
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Narrowing of the arteries due to build-up of
    cholesterol-containing plaque in the arterial
    wall

Much more than simple accumulation of lipids
within the artery wall it is a complex
inflammatory response to tissue damage
8
Hypertension
  • Blood pressure is the force of blood against the
    inside walls of your blood vessels
  • Normal BP 120/80 mmHg
  • High blood pressure makes your heart have to work
    harder to push blood to all parts of your body

Normal Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure
9
(No Transcript)
10
Symptoms
  • Pain, pressure, fullness, discomfort or squeezing
    in the center of the chest
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Feeling extra heartbeats
  • Sweating for no apparent reason
  • Jaw pain
  • Heartburn and/or indigestion
  • Radiating pain to shoulder(s), neck, back, arm(s)
    or jaw
  • Upper back pain
  • Sudden extreme fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Upper abdominal pain

11
Diagnosis
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • PURPOSE- The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a
    noninvasive test that is used to reflect
    underlying heart conditions by measuring the
    electrical activity of the heart.
  • PROCEDURE- By positioning leads (electrical
    sensing devices) on the body in standardized
    locations, information about many heart
    conditions can be learned by looking for
    characteristic patterns on the ECG
  • Homocysteine measurement - Testing for
    homocysteine blood levels is conducted because
    elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood are
    believed to cause narrowing and hardening of the
    arteries

12
Treatments - Angioplasty
  • Angioplasty (Percutaneous Transluminal
    Angioplasty)
  • PURPOSE-PTCA is a non-surgical procedure that
    relieves narrowing and obstruction of the
    arteries to the muscle of the heart. This allows
    more blood and oxygen to be delivered to the
    heart muscle

13
Treatments - Bypass Graft
  • PURPOSE- CABG surgery creates new routes around
    narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing
    sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and
    nutrients to the heart muscles

14
Drugs
  • Antiplatelets (Aspirin Plavix)- reduce risk of
    heart attack
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Anticoagulants
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta Blockers

15
Prevention
  • Obesity weight loss reduces risk factors
  • Exercise regular and moderate
  • Diet reduce saturated fat and cholesterol foods
  • Avoid smoking Alcohols
  • Avoid stress

16
Eating for a Healthy Heart
  • Eat a variety of foods different colors and
    types
  • Eat only small amounts of fats, cholesterol,
    sweets, sugars, and salt.
  • Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole
    grains.
  • Look carefully at food labels
  • Reduce salt and bad fat intake (Vanaspathi,
    butter, coconut oil)

17
MI Review
  • Heart Attack A reason for heart failure
  • Caused by blockage of heart arteries from
    cholesterol build up
  • Symptoms - chest pain
  • Prevention Blood pressure control, well
    balanced diet low in cholesterol and fat,
    exercise, weight loss, blood sugar control,
    reduce stress
  • Important to go to hospital immediately for any
    new start of chest pain

18
Thank you
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