Chapter 18 : Section 3

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Chapter 18 Section 3

• The Holocaust

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Anti-Semitism

• Hatred of Jews
• It was easier for Hitler to blame others for the
  problems of Germany.
• The Jews
• MEIN KAMPF filled with anti-semitism.

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From MEIN KAMPF

• Let the desolation which Jewish hybridization
  daily visits on our nation be clearly seen, this
  blood-poisoning that can be removed from our body
  national.

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The Holocaust

• Official Nazi policy.
• 6 million European Jews killed.
• 2/3 the total population.
• 5-6 million others died in the concentration
  camps.
• Gypsies, Gays, people that opposed Hitler and
  Nazism, mentally ill, homeless, Jehovahs
  Witnesses.

5
Nazi Policies about Jews

• Exclude and isolate Jews.
• Laws to keep them from participating in
  political, social or economic life.
• Urged people to boycott Jewish businesses.
• Have no Jewish employees.
• No marriage or mixing between Jews and Aryans.

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What made a person a Jew in Hitlers Germany?

• A person who had three or four Jewish
  grandparents DESPITE their current religion.
• Any person with two Jewish grandparents that
  practiced the Jewish religion.

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Identifying Jews

• Forced to have J on all identity cards.
• Wear yellow stars on all clothing.
• Made Jews open to public attack and police
  harassment.
• Kept Jews from going to Switzerland.

8
Hitlers Police

• Gestapo
• Secret Police
• Identify and pursue enemies of the Nazis
• SS
• Schutzstaffel
• Private army of the Nazis
• Guarded and collected information on prisoners

9
Kristallnacht

• November 9, 1938
• Night of Broken Glass
• Nazi destruction of Jewish homes, businesses,
  synagogues
• Thousands arrested and shipped off to
  Concentration Camps

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Jewish Refugees

• Sought to get away from Hitler and the Nazis.
• Escapes to other European countries.
• Depression and anti-semitism prevented the US
  from taking in many.

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Evian Conference1938

• Meant to find solution for Jewish refugees.
• Meant to stop Jewish refugees from going to
  Palestine.
• Out of 32 nations attending ONLY the Dominican
  Republic agreed to take refugees.

12
From Murder to Genocide

• As the Nazis moved into European countries the SS
  and Gestapo found many Jews.
• 2 million in Poland
• Many were refugees from Germany

13
The Warsaw Ghetto

• 400,000 Jews confined to a few blocks.
• Sealed off with brick and barbed wire.
• Little food, overcrowded, no medical and no
  sanitation.

14
The Warsaw Ghetto

• Thousands died every month.
• But that was too inefficient for the Nazis

15
The Einsatzgruppen

• Other ways to kill Jews.
• Mobile execution squads.
• Babi Yar 33,000 Jews killed in 2 days.
• STILL not efficient enough for the Nazis.

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Wannsee Conference

• The Final Solution for the Jews.
• Special camps in Poland to commit GENOCIDE.
• Deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or
  cultural group.

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The Death Camps

• Poison gas to be used to kill.
• Zyklon B most effective gas.
• Built 6 camps for primary purpose of mass murder.

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The Death Camps

• Jews from Poland, Netherlands, Germany and other
  occupied lands were sent to the camps.
• Transported in cattle cars.
• 4 of 6 camps sent everyone directly to death.

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Auschwitz The worst

• Prisoners herded off the transport and put into
  two lines.
• Elderly, women with children, those who were sick
  or looked weak were taken to the showers

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Auschwitz

• Jewish prisoners who were healthy had the job
  of carrying out the bodies and putting them in
  the crematoria.
• Sorted clothing, belongings, any gold fillings
  from bodies.

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Auschwitz

• Life expectancy for prisoners was months.
• 12,000 victims could be gassed a day.
• Some used for medical experiments.
• 1.5 million died in Auschwitz.
• 90 were Jews

22
Fighting Back

• Some Jews joined Resistance networks and fought
  the Nazis.
• Violent uprisings in some ghettos
• Death camp Treblinka was so damaged in rioting,
  it closed.
• All rebellions were crushed

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Rescue and Liberation

• The US had a good idea of what was happening at
  Death Camps in 1942
• Disbelief
• No interest in the media or in Washington.
• Problem wasnt here.

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Rescue and Liberation

• 1944 FDR created the War Refugee Board to help
  Jews escape the Nazis
• Funded Raoul Wallenberg to save thousands of
  Hungarian Jews.

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Rescue and Liberation

• April 1945 Liberation of the camps.
• US and Allied forces arrived.

26
Nuremberg Trials

• After the war 24 Nazi defendants were put on
  trial for crimes against humanity for WWII
  atrocities.
• 12 received death sentences.

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Importance of the Nuremberg Trials

• People couldnt use the excuse they were just
  following orders as a defense for what they did.
• Individuals are responsible for their own actions.