WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook

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WRAP Fugitive Dust Handbook

• Richard Countess Countess Environmental
• Westlake Village, CA
• WRAP Workshop
• May 24, 2006
• Sacramento, CA

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Fugitive Dust Originates from Many Different
Source Categories
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Overview

• The handbook is intended to be a comprehensive
  resource on emission estimation methodologies and
  control measures to reduce fugitive dust
  emissions.
• The methods for estimating dust emissions rely on
  AP-42 and alternative methods adopted by air
  quality agencies in the WRAP region.
• Because many formulae and factors incorporate
  default values that have been derived for average
  US conditions, area-specific factors should be
  used when available.
• The handbook and associated website will be
  updated as new information becomes available.

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Handbook Features

• Comprehensive documentation of emission
  estimation methods adopted by federal and state
  agencies plus methods in the developmental stage
• Detailed discussion of demonstrated control
  measures
• Lists of published control efficiencies for a
  large number of fugitive dust control measures
  for each fugitive dust source category

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Handbook Features (continued)

• Sample regulatory formats adopted by state and
  local agencies in the WRAP region
• Sample compliance tools to assure that the
  regulations are being followed
• Detailed methodology for calculating the
  cost-effectiveness of different control measures
• Sample calculations for control measure
  cost-effectiveness for each fugitive dust source
  category

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Emission Estimation Methodologies for Eight
Fugitive Dust Source Categories Covered in the
2004 Handbook
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Published PM10 Control Efficiencies for Control
Measures Show Large Variability
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Sample Regulatory Format (Construction and
Demolition)
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Sample Compliance Tools (Open Area Wind Erosion)
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Evaluation of Fugitive Dust Control Measure
Options

• Due to large uncertainties in published
  control cost-effectiveness estimates, which range
  over several orders of magnitude, a standardized
  methodology was developed to calculate the
  cost-effectiveness of fugitive dust control
  measures rather than presenting published
  estimates.

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Technical Approach for Calculating
Cost-Effectiveness of Control Measures

• Developed a uniform step-by-step methodology for
  calculating the cost-effectiveness for different
  control measures
• Provided a generic sample calculation for each
  fugitive dust source category
• Included lists of published control efficiencies
  for different control measures
• Evaluation of control measure options should be
  based on cost data and assumptions applicable to
  the specific situation (location, season, etc.)

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Steps to Calculate Cost-Effectiveness of Specific
Control Measures

• Identify applicable emission factor equation
• Select a specific control measure for the
  fugitive dust source
• Specify the basic parameters required to
  calculate uncontrolled and controlled emissions
• parameters used in the emission factor equation
• source extent (activity level)
• control measure implementation schedule
  (freq./application rate)
• Calculate emission factor from the applicable
  emission factor equation

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Cost-Effectiveness Calculation (continued)

• Calculate the annual uncontrolled emission rate
  as the product of the emission factor and the
  source extent
• Determine the control efficiency of the control
  measure
• Calculate annual controlled emission rate
• Calculate emissions reduction due to control
  measure (uncontrolled minus controlled emission
  rate)
• Gather cost estimates for implementing control
  measure
• annualized capital costs
• annual OM/overhead/enforcement/compliance costs

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Cost-Effectiveness Calculation (continued)

• Calculate annualized capital investment cost
• Calculate total annualized cost (sum of
  annualized capital investment cost plus annual
  OM/overhead/enforcement/compliance costs)
• Calculate cost-effectiveness (/ton PM10
  reduction) of selected control measure (total
  annualized costs divided by the emissions
  reduction)

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2006 Revisions to the Handbook

• Revise each chapter and sample cost-effectiveness
  calculation to account for new estimates of PM2.5
  fraction of fugitive dust being considered for
  adoption by the EPA based on MRIs 2005
  laboratory results
• Address new source categories
• Agricultural Harvesting
• Mining and Quarrying
• Livestock Husbandry
• Abrasive Blasting
• Expand existing chapters to incorporate new
  information

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MRIs Proposed PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
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Agricultural Harvesting (new chapter)

• AP-42 Emission Estimation Methodology (Section
  9.3)
• last updated Feb. 1980
• addresses PM7 rather than PM10
• CARBs Emission Estimation Methodology (Section
  7.5)
• last updated Jan. 2003 (currently under review)
• PM10 EFs developed for cotton, almonds and wheat
  serve as a baseline for over 200 other crops
• PM2.5/PM10 0.222
• Control measures listed on CAPCOAs website
  (http//capcoa.org/ag_clearinghouse.htm)
• Control efficiencies for control measures are 8
  - 70

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Mining Quarrying (new chapter)

• AP-42 Emission Estimation Methodology (Section
  11)
• 16 of 31 mineral products industries involve
  mining and quarrying
• last updated in late 1990s
• PM10 EFs not available for all industries
• lists EFs for both uncontrolled and controlled
  emissions
• not all particulate emissions are fugitive
• Supplemental EFs in EPAs emissions trends
  documents
• PM10 and TSP EFs and PM10/TSP ratios
• Addressed at the District level rather than the
  state level in California (e.g., SCAQMD Rule 1157
  adopted January 2005)

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Mining Quarrying (continued)

• NEI Emission Estimation Methodology
• utilizes the sum of emissions from metallic ore,
  nonmetallic ore, and coal mining operations
• extraction of ore from the earth involves
  overburden removal, drilling and blasting,
  loading and unloading
• coal mining also involves overburden replacement,
  and loading and unloading of the overburden
• amount of overburden 10 X coal mined
• EFs for mining copper ore applied to all metallic
  ores
• EFs for coal mining applied to all nonmetallic
  ores

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Mining Quarrying (continued)

• NEI Emission Estimation Methodology (continued)
• does not include the following activities that
  are assumed to be well controlled (CE 78 to
  gt99.5)
• transfer and conveyance
• crushing and screening
• storage
• travel on haul roads
• PM10 EFs
• 0.054 lb/ton for metallic mining
• 0.29 lb/ton for nonmetallic mining
• 0.51 lb/ton for coal mining

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Other New Chapters for the Handbook

• Livestock Husbandry
• Not addressed in AP-42
• CARB Emission Estimation Methodology (Section
  7.6)
• PM10 EF for dairies 6.7 lb/1000 head/day
• PM10 EF for feedlots 29 lb/1000 head/day
• PM2.5/PM10 ratio 0.114
• Abrasive Blasting
• AP-42 PM10 EF 26 lb/ton of sand
• Using grit or shot instead of sand as the
  abrasive media reduces PM emissions by 76 and
  90, respectively
• PM2.5/PM10 ratio 0.10

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Planned Expansion of Existing Chapters

• Incorporate DEJFs definition of fugitive dust
• Include discussion of fugitive dust transport
  issues
• Incorporate Environs work addressing wind
  erosion emission estimates
• Incorporate new information on demonstrated
  control measures

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Fugitive Dust Website www.wrapair.org/forums/dejf
/fdh

• Website populated with material from the handbook
• primary menu laid out by source category
• includes links to other useful resources
• Downloadable files include
• Word PDF text files for each source category
  plus for the entire handbook
• Interactive Excel cost-effectiveness calculation
  spreadsheets with lookup tables of default values
  for different parameters for each source category
• History of revisions

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ANY QUESTIONS?

• For further information, contact
  rcountess_at_aol.com