Substance Abuse

1
Substance Abuse Substance Dependence (Addiction)
2
Substance Abuse

• A pattern of drug (including alcohol) use that
  diminishes the ability to fulfill
  responsibilities at home work or school that
  results in repeated use of a drug in dangerous
  situations or that leads to legal difficulties
  related to drug abuse.
• What are some examples of drug abuse

3
Binge Drinking

• Five or more drinks in a row for men
• Four or more drinks in a row for women.
• What does in a row mean It means at one
  seating or over the course of a couple of
  hours or so.
• The blood alcohol level depends on the persons
  size and weight. Women on birth control pills
  will have higher blood alcohol levels.

4
Binge Drinking (continued)

• People engage in more high risk behaviors when
  binge drinking. There are higher rates of
  violence use of poor judgment and date rape
  associated with binge drinking.
• Do people who binge drink have an alcohol
  problem
• Does binge drinking lead to alcoholism

5
Signs of Substance Dependence (Addiction)

• Increased tolerance.
• Withdrawal symptoms
• Using the substance for a longer period or in
  greater quantities than intended
• Having a desire or making repeated attempts to
  cut back usage
• Devoting a lot of time to obtaining or using the
  substance
• Giving up or reducing social occupational or
  recreational activities as a result of abuse
• Continued use in face of ongoing physical
  psychological or social problems caused by
  substance abuse.

6
What is the difference between physical addiction
and psychological dependence

• Physical addiction causes increased tolerance and
  withdrawal symptoms. But even withdrawal has a
  psychological component as the body and the mind
  are two sides of the same coin.

7
Prevalence of substance abuse and dependence

• Approximately 10.3 of U.S. adults appear to
  have drug abuse problems during their lives
  including 2.6 who become drug dependent.
  (Archives of General Psychiatry May 2007)
• One third of adults report have an alcohol
  problem at some time during their lifetime.
• 20.2 of Americans smoke cigarettes. Kentucky
  has the highest rate of smokers at 28.6 (2006
  data CDC)

8
Prevalence Incidence

• Prevalence How much of a disease exists in a
  population at a particular point in time stated
  as percentage.
• Incidence the rate of occurrence or number of
  new cases in a time period (usually a year). The
  rate may be expressed in how many new cases in a
  year per 100000 people.
• Which number is greater for a disease prevalence
  or incidence

9
Cigarette Smoking

• The following words are from a book Person to
  Person by Sharon L. Hanna (Prentiss Hall
  2003)Smoking Cigarettes. If you smoke you
  inhale several potentially dangerous substances
  including the most potent cancer-causing
  substances known as carcinogens. A number of
  substances in tobacco smoke cause cancer in human
  beings (Centers for Disease Control 2001a). The
  high risks have been apparent for years and the
  future for a smoker is bleak. Nearly 5 million
  children living today will die prematurely
  because of a decision they will eventually
  make-to smoke cigarettes (CDC 2001a). Tobacco
  use worldwide which causes nearly 4 million
  people to die in a year is the leading
  preventable cause of death (Satcher 2001). The
  death rate in the United States alone is
  equivalent to two jumbo jets colliding in midair
  every day over a years time with all passengers
  being killed (Rathus 1999). Consider these
  research-based facts about smoking Kills
  more people each year than AIDS alcohol drug
  abuse car crashes murders suicides and fires
  combined (CDC 2001a). Results in more than 5
  million years of potential life lost each year
  (CDC 2001a). Causes heart disease lung and
  esophageal cancer and chronic lung disease and
  leads to a high likelihood of dying of these
  diseases as well as emphysema other respiratory
  diseases and various types of cancer
  (CDC2001a). Is related to erectile
  dysfunction and general sexual fitness (Wuh
  Fox 2001). Puts babies at risk for sudden
  infant death syndrome (SIDS) poor lung
  development asthma and respiratory infections
  and increases the risk of stillbirths premature
  births low weight babies and a higher rate of
  infant mortality (CDC 2001a).

10
Cigarette Smoking (continued)

Think of 24 hours ago. During that time there
have been over 10000 tobacco-related deaths
(Pediatrics 2001). A smoker loses 11 minutes of
life per cigarette (Health 2000). If health
isnt that important other reasons may be. As
employers become more aware of the relationship
between health and cigarette smoking smokers may
find it difficult to get jobs. Typically smokers
average more sick days. Another reason is skin
aging. A student said Ive heard it all and
nothing has jolted me to quit smoking until I
heard about wrinkling. That did it! She was
referring to research which found that those who
smoke have much more prominent wrinkling
(Lauerman 2(01).Or perhaps a smoker will
consider money. Jon figured how many dollars he
would save in a year and was motivated to quit.
And cigarettes arent the total cost. Smokers
spend more on cold remedies health care and
life insurance. Tobacco addiction is a major
economic handicap. Smokers are significantly
less knowledgeable about smoke-related diseases
than ex-smokers or nonsmokers (Najem Batuman
Smith Feuerman 1997).Knowing all this the
obvious question is Why do people take up
smoking Again look at research-based facts.
Approximately 80 percent of adult smokers
started smoking before age 18 (CDC 2001a).
Individuals at young ages are more suggestible
and tend to conform. Many start because their
peers and family members smoke (Williams
Covington 1997)(End of quote from Sharon
Hanna)The CDC also reports that 90 of all lung
cancers are caused by cigarette smoking.What is
your direct knowledge of health problems
associated with smoking
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Kentucky has one of the highest rates of smoking
largely due to the fact that tobacco has been a
major part of the Kentucky economy which in turn
led to tobacco being a political issue leading
to low taxes on cigarettes which promotes
smoking. In Kentucky until recently it was the
law that state office buildings may not ban
smoking entirely whereas in many states it is
the law that smoking is not allowed in state
office buildings. Research has found that the
states with the highest rates of smoking have the
lowest rates of perceived health risk from heavy
cigarette use (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services Office of Applied Studies
(http//oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda/2k1State/vol1/ch4.htm
). This adds up to fewer people in Kentucky
quitting smoking than in most other states and
there being fewer programs and less knowledge of
smoking cessation techniques in Kentucky than in
most other states.  Have you tried
(successfully or unsuccessfully) to quit smoking
What methods have you tried and what methods do
you think are the most useful Have you plans to
quit smoking Do you smoke and plan to continue
smoking indefinitely If you do smoke do you
worry about possible health effects or do you
discount statements like those in Hannas book
quoted earlier that smoking is strongly
associated with serious health problems and early
deaths 
14
Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism

• Most people who drink alcohol drink in
  moderation. Fourteen million Americans have
  problems with alcohol and that more than 8
  million Americans are alcoholics. Almost everyone
  at some time deals with someone who has a problem
  with alcohol. In some families almost everyone is
  a heavy drinker. 
• What are your experiences/observations about
  alcohol abuse Have you known someone who
  overcame a problem with alcohol and if so how
  did they do it Do you think that alcoholism is a
  disease Why or why not

15
Drug Abuse

• Your instructor is so old that when he was in
  high school the largest high school in a big
  city he never saw or even heard of anyone in the
  school using illegal drugs. You probably cannot
  imagine that. Illicit drug use and drug abuse is
  common today and almost every school child is
  confronted with it to some degree. There are many
  types of drugs some more dangerous than
  others. Marijuana has generally increased in
  potency over the years to the point that it is
  almost a different drug today than it was 40
  years ago (the years of the fabled pot smoking
  hippies of the sixties). What are your
  observations/experiences/opinions regarding
  illegal drugs and drug abuse

16
Substance Abuse Treatment

• What goes on in Detox
• What goes on in Rehab
• What happens after Rehab
• What is an Intervention
• How successful is substance abuse treatment

17
Hypnosis

• Is hypnosis real
• What is hypnosis
• What are the uses of hypnosis

18
Legitimate Uses of Hypnosis

• Smoking cessation
• Weight loss
• Anxiety
• Child Birth
• Dentistry
• Major surgery
• Pain management
• Therapists who use hypnosis to treat everything
  should be avoided

19
Does Hypnosis Enhance Memory

• In some cases memory is improved with hypnosis
• In some cases memory is distorted by hypnosis
• Confabulation may occur
• Do police and the courts use hypnosis

20
What is hypnosis

• Relaxation focused attention. Subject is awake
  not asleep.
• Hypnosis cannot make people do what they are
  unwilling to do.
• Posthypnotic suggestions work but are weak and
  wear off
• Most people can be hypnotized some easily some
  with difficulty