Title: Advanced Training Technologies What they are''' How they are utilized''' What we can expect in the f
1Advanced Training Technologies What they are...
How they are utilized... What we can expect
in the future...
Dr. Robert E. Richards
Technical Lead, Learning Technologies and Systems
June 7, 2001
2Prefacing Comments
- Hats I wear/have worn
- Enthusiast (very early exposure to some of the
very first commercial systems Plato, TICCIT) - Evaluator--Looking at Self-study embedded
training CBTs for the Army, Simulation exercises - Innovator (prototyping)--Early Asynchronous
Teleconferencing (now called Web-based Learning) - Researcher (Study of Advanced Training
Technology Emerging Answers to Tough Questions) - Consultant (Within INEEL, DOE, NIEHS)
- Tool developer (Lab Directed RD) Simulating
Simulatons
3Bobs recipe for sure-fire learning Mix in at
least 2 of the 3 ingredients below
- 1. Interest, attention, desire, felt need,
motivation, readiness, on the part of the learner - Attention is a terrible thing to waste (Roger
Schank) - When the student is ready the teacher will
appear - 2. Good teaching (manage the learning)
- Can fan spark of interest or
- Can compensate for inadequate learning resources
- 3. Effective learning resources (Activities,
displays, problems, feedback, etc.) - Can focus attention
- Can convey content
-
4Advanced Training Technologies--Should always
serve as tools (means), not ends unto themselves
- Can help
- assess readiness and
- generate and maintain interest
- Can (imitate) incorporate logical strategies and
sequences of good teachers - Can store and present learning resources
including models of the systems, environments,
and behavior to be learned
5Types of .
- At least a dozen ways to slice the ATT pie
- Delivery devices (hardware)
- Number of media forms used
- Individualized vs Group-based
- Instructor-led vs Pre-programmed
- Asynchronous via Synchronous
- Informing (only) vs Interactive/Action
- Linear vs Branching
- Textually oriented vs Visually oriented
- Glossy vs Plain
- Interesting vs Boring
- Cheap vs Expensive
- Easy to implement vs Difficult to implement
6Another way to slice the pieElectronic
- E-learn
- E-teach
- E-collaborate (share)
- E-certify/test
- E-administer
- E-work
- E-Communicate
7Examples of E-learn, E-certify/test (No other
humans present)
- Computer-based training
- Web-based training
- Intelligent tutoring systems
- Device simulations
- Full scope simulations (with scenarios)
- Online testing
8Examples of E-teach (Instructor-led Courses)
- Asynchronous computer conferencing based
- Incrementally added like with discussion groups
but can advance on multiple topics at once - One hour of live class discussion may take as
long as a week to replicate - Synchronous
9Examples of Synchronous E-teach
- Live Advanced Classrooms (Instructor has
multimedia resources) - Projected multimedia
- Groupware
- Virtual Classrooms (live or stored)
- Types of interactions
- One-way audio (and video) Instructor to students
with audio or text back to class - Two-way/multi-way
- Through Internet
- Through satellite or teleconferencing services
10Examples of E-collaborate (share)/E-communicate
- Web sites (bulletin boards)
- Email
- Clearinghouses
- Cross-Cutting Training Forum
11Examples of E-work/E-administer
- Online help systems
- Online reference systems/ research tools
- Online performance support
- Online just in time
- Online discussions
- Online tracking systems (learning management)
- Online evaluation/feedback
- Groupware
12How is ATT being Utilized?
- Industry averages about 12 of courses delivered
by ATT - Ranges from near 0 to gt50
- Many Corporate Universities adopting commercially
available web courses - Libraries consist of hundreds of courses
- Can prepay for number of Learner Seats
- Can add custom courses
- Scrambling for quantity hopefully quality will
follow
13Documented Benefits (as applicable)
- 1. Reduced learning time
- Typically 30-40 less time is required compared
to classroom instruction. - 2. On-demand learning
- Instruction is available when and where the
learner needs it. Increases access to learning
for the disabled. - 3. Increased motivation
- Students usually find technology-based
interactive learning more interesting and
enjoyable than classroom lectures. - 4. Increased achievement
- When corrective feedback or a mastery learning
strategy is provided, students often show better
test results, retention, or job performance from
technology-based interactive learning. - 5. Better quality control
- Since learning experiences are delivered in the
same way each time, they are much more consistent
and reliable than classroom instruction. - 6. Increased safety
- Learners can learn about and practice dangerous
procedures without safety concerns.
14Documented Benefits (Continued)
- 7. Greater flexibility
- Fluctuations in the number of learners and/or
their backgrounds can be accommodated more easily
than with classroom instruction. - 8. Improved accountability
- Automatic collection of data on learner
performance can verify learning accomplishments
and identify learning problems. - 9. Faster revision
- To the extent that the learning experiences are
delivered via a networked system, changes and
updates to information can be made immediately. - 10. Reduced delivery costs
- Once developed, technology-based interactive
learning is likely to cost less relative to labor
intensive classroom instruction. It can also be
used instead of expensive equipment. - 11. Learner controlled
- Each learner is able to review topics or to skip
beyond the information they already know.
15A Goal is to Replicate Power of Tutoring
Technologies Can Make This Instructional
Imperative Affordable
16Utilizing ATT at the INEEL--Case Study
- About 15 of our training is Technology-Supported
- WBT
- Created and delivered over 100 internal
web-based training courses/activities during the
last 2 years many to over 6000 employees - Utilize NETg for Software Training
- Administered 9 distributed Learning Centers with
65 workstations - Refreshers in confined space, respirator (minus
the fit test), abestos awareness, rad worker,
etc. - Fully evolved Learning Management System
17Web-based Registration
18Web-based Training Splash Screen
19Web-based Training Content Screen
20When Not To Use Technology?
- Cost of development does not justify
- Small audience size
- Complex content requiring extensive media
- Frequent content changes/material revisions
- Not a match for learning objectives (current
constraints) - Lots of real-time interaction with other people
- Lots of real-time interaction with physical
objects - Bandwidth and delivery constraints
- Cant get it to audience
21What can we expect...
- Look to the RD Labs and Other Initiatives
- Incredible graphics and audio capabilities at the
desktop (Immersive and non-immersive virtual
environments and simulations) - Voice interaction
- Video conferencing at the desktop
- Intelligent tutoring/coaching
- Palm-based performance support and learning
- Broadband access to the Internet
- Reusable learning components (plug and play
learning) - Models using cases, stories, problems
22Looking back to see the future...
- The magical part of ATT is in the
- Media itself (e.g. movies, TV, Computers,
Internet) - (Add) Message content and formatting
- (Add) Interaction strategy
- (Add) Integrated models, problems and simulation
Media-Centric
Message-Centric
Strategy-Centric
Model-Centric
23Model-Centered Instruction
- In solving problems, learner interacts directly
with systematic models (learn by doing) - Models of performance
- Models of the system
- Environmental models
- Development of competence through mastery of
sequence of problems - Entails problem-solving by providing appropriate
sequencing, demos, prompting, coaching and
feedback
24Readiness and Acceptance
- GARTH--General Acceptance and Readiness for
Technology Heuristic - Lay the groundwork systematically
- Tie into corporate human resources models,
information management systems - MAYA (Most advanced yet acceptable--and
appropriate) - Make the technology invisible
25Conclusions
- Embrace Change
- Much potential if used appropriately
- Cost is decreasing
- Potential effectiveness increasing
- Can augment/enhance all the good we know about
teaching and learning - Not a quick fix or silver bullet but some
wonderful potential benefits - Exciting present and even more exciting future