BengtArne Molin Program Director

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PCCA Strategic Research Program in Personal
Computing and Communication

• Bengt-Arne MolinProgram Director
• bam_at_tde.lth.sehttp//www.pcc.lth.se/

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The evolution of information systems

• The ongoing evolution of information systems,
• evolution from Personal Computing via Networked
  Computing to Mobile Computing and
• evolution from Wired Telephony via Cordless
  Telephony to Mobile Cellular Telephony,
• creates a
• unification of Computing and Communication.

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No. of thousand Web sitesSource Network Wizards
Internet Domain Survey(http//www.nw.com/zone/WWW
/top.html)
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No. of million cellular subscribersSource U.S.
Department of Commerce (http//infoserv2.ita.doc.
gov/ot/home.nsf)
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Wireless communication yesterday

• Mobile telephony
• Business segment
• Cost insensitive
• Technically mature
• Large demand(saturation ahead ?)

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Wireless Communication today and tomorrow ?

• Low end consumerproducts
• High volume
• Low cost
• Multimedia
• Internet browsing
• Data services
• Higher bandwidths

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Evolution path for radio systemsfrom voice via
data to multimedia

• 1st generation Analog voice
• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)
• 2nd generation Digital voice and low-speed data
• Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
• High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)
• 2nd generation evolution Packet-switched data
• General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
• Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
• 3rd generation Wireless multimedia
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

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What is a 4th-generation system ?

• 2nd gen Mobile telephony (Now)
• speech service low data-rates
• wide area coverage
• 3rd gen Mobile multimedia comm. (2003)
• moderate data rates wide range of bearer
  services (2Mbit/s)
• local/wide area coverage
• 4th gen Personal Computing and Comm. (2007?)
• high data rates (100 Mbit/s)
• support of high quality video/data services
• local/wide area coverage

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Trends in Telecom society
Media Arts
Computers
TV
Broad-casting
MULTIMEDIAL "INFOTAINMENT"
Sound
Games
Mobile telecom systems
Fixed telecom systems
Telecom operators
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The bandwidth dilemma

• A picture says more than a thousand words
• unfortunately the cost to transmit it in a
  wireless system is 1000 times higher as well,
  regarding
• power,
• bandwidth, and
• infrastructure density

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What is PCC?

• A national research program financed by the
  Swedish foundation for strategic research (SSF)
• A cooperation between CTH, KTH, LTH, LTU, and UU
• A graduate school with more than 40 Ph.D.
  students
• A scientific research program with a strong
  industrial base
• The largest Swedish research initiative in
  computing and communication (18M 1997-2001)

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The PCC university network
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About SSF

• SSF (Stiftelsen för strategisk forskning) is a
  foundation for promoting research and research
  education of strategic importance for Swedish
  competitiveness
• Started in 1994, SSF administers a capital of
  about 1.1 billion
• SSF supports about 50 national programs out of
  which PCC is the largest
• (More information on http//www.stratresearch.se/)

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PCC research focus Converging technologies
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Converging networks

• Data traffic on telecommunication networks
• ATM
• Modems
• ISDN
• XDSL
• HSCSD, GPRS
• Telecommunication traffic on computer networks
• ATM
• IP telephony
• Web cameras
• Conference systems

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Converging industries
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Ongoing PCC projects

• Ubiquitous computing and communications (8 Ph.D.
  students)
• Overall design of 4th-generation wireless
  infrastructures (6 Ph.D. students)
• Adaptive antennas in wideband radio access
  networks (6 Ph.D. students)
• Wireless IP (4 Ph.D. students)
• Algorithm/hardware co-design for mobile
  communications systems (6 Ph.D. students)
• Mobile wireless access to fixed networks (5
  Ph.D. students)
• Generic technologies (7 Ph.D. students)

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Ubiquitous Computing and Communications(Prof.
Carl Gustaf Jansson calle_at_dsv.su.se)

• Design aspects and methodology for building
  distributed interactive software systems (KTH)
• Secure agent-based software systems (KTH)
• Functionality and design of mobile terminal
  artefacts (KTH)
• Personal mobility (KTH)
• Software architectures for virtual spaces (KTH)
• Software platforms for networked applications
  (KTH)
• Efficient authentication in mobile communication
  (KTH)

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Overall design of 4th-generationwireless
infrastructures(Prof. Jens Zander
4GW-PCC_at_s3.kth.se)

• OFDM air interface (CTH)
• Adaptive antennas based air interface (KTH)
• Wireless network planning and economy (KTH)
• Wireless resource management in multiple operator
  infrastructures (KTH)
• Economics of multimedia services (KTH)
• Multicast routing for mobile real-time
  applications (KTH)

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Adaptive Antennas in WidebandRadio Access
Networks(Prof. Björn Ottersten
otterste_at_s3.kth.se)

• Channel modeling and signal processing (CTH)
• ASIC implementation of DSP algorithms for
  Adaptive Antennas (LTH)
• Antenna integrated circuit implementation
  techniques (UU)
• Multiple access techniques (KTH)
• Adaptive space-time interference suppression
  (CTH)
• Spatio-temporal processing for transmit diversity
  and multiple access (KTH)

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Wireless IP (Dr. Mikael Sternad
Mikael.Sternad_at_signal.uu.se)

• Scheduling of IP over wireless connections (UU)
• Air interface issues for packet data over
  wireless connections (CTH)
• Gateway, proxy, and client architectures for
  wireless Internet access (UU)
• Design of IP-type protocols for wireless
  connections (CTH)

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Algorithm/Hardware Co-Design for Mobile
Communications Systems(Prof. John B. Anderson
John_B.Anderson_at_it.lth.se)

• Algorithm/hardware co-optimization of coding
  schemes (LTH)
• Convolutional coding for packet transmission
  (LTH)
• Turbo coding (LTH)
• Image coding (LTH)
• Information integrity for packet radio (LTH)
• Adaptive strategies for high efficiency
  transmission in CDMA systems (LTH)

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Mobile Wireless Access toFixed Networks(Dr.
Johan Karlsson johan_at_tts.lth.se)

• Physical layer modelling and estimation (LTH)
• Medium access control and data link
  adaptation (LTH)
• Performance and control of the wireless
  access (LTH)
• Management and mobility (LTH)
• Mobile ad hoc networking (LTH)

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Generic Technologies

• Digital RF techniques and architectures for
  multi-standard radio systems (KTH)
• Low-power system integration (KTH)
• 5 GHz monolithic transceivers (LTH)
• Speech and audio coding (CTH)
• Transmission strategies for radio interfaces
  (CTH)
• Mobile and multicast routing (LTU)
• Snoop, compression and mobile IP state migration
  (LTU)

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Discussions and preliminary results from some PCC
projects

• Scenarios for future computing and communication
  environments
• Technology background assumptions

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Scenarios for future computing and communication
environments

• Overall design of 4th-generation wireless
  infrastructures
• Prof. Jens Zander, KTH
• http//www.s3.kth.se/radio/4GW/

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Scenariosa tool for future research

• Scenarios - one tool out of several
• Provide background information
• Extract potential key research problems
• Expand mind of project participants

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Anything Goes

• Generic hardware, functionality and services in
  software
• Manufacturers rule the markets
• Intelligent individual adaptations of services
• High development pace
• Large amount of de-facto standards
• Transparent network access

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The Anything Goes World
Home W-LAN
VR goggles
Virtual Friends
On-line shopping
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Big Brother

• More and more personal info available
• Skepticism about computer safety
• Political pressure for strong control
• Global security control handled by international
  governmental organizations
• Very few operators
• Low development rate

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The Big Brother World
Trust is the main measure in business and private
life
Everything needs to be certified and approved
ID badges and PIN codes everywhere
People are careful surrendering information
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Pocket Computing

• Social and political differences
• High bandwidth is still expensive
• Highly differentiated services and pricing
  levels
• Specialized service providers, which also provide
  the equipment
• Global multi-purpose services compete with local
  specialized services

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The Pocket Computing World

• Stanislaw
• Pays for high QoS
• Flexibility and information access is the key
  for business
• He roams freely, gets priority access, but for
  high cost

• Aldous
• Low-price services
• He has his operator, which cares about
  everything

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Scenario Summary

• Anything Goes
• Big Brother
• Pocket Computing

• Information is part of everyday life
• Highly developed technology
• Equipment providers rule
• Security - Trust
• Brand names of immense value
• Regulators rule
• Technology highly developed, but restricted
  availability
• Highly diversified
• Operators/Service providers rule

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Technology background assumptions

• Tele-presence
• Ubiquitous information access
• Increased inter-machine communication
• Intelligent adaptive services
• Focus on security
• Heterogeneous infrastructure
• Overlay network architecture
• Improved wireless resource utilization
• Improved access ports and terminals

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Tele-presence

• real time
• multicast support
• multi-party meeting
• 100Mbps with data compression and fast sensory
  feedback

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Ubiquitous information access

• not delay critical
• high data rate (video)
• virtually seamless
• asymmetric traffic pattern
• dominated by education and entertainment

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Increased inter-machinecommunication

• Simple routines
• e.g., Refrigerator telling repair shop
  maintenance is required
• Sophisticated massive data exchange
• e.g., Medical equipment in ambulance
  communicating with hospital

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Focus on security

• High data integrity
• Protection against unauthorized access
• Schemes for preventing unauthorized tracking of
  users

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Heterogeneous infrastructure

• 4GW consists of several switching fabrics
• All elements are digital
• Connectionless packet switching (IP style)
  backbone
• Packet switching air interfaces
• Overlay wireless network architecture

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Overlay network architecture

• Multitude of air interfaces
• Consists of wireless systems from the late 90s
• New systems 5-60Ghz 100Mbps to terminals
• Internet-working (IP)

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Improved wireless resource utilization

• New air interfaces
• Smart antennas
• Multicast for group communication
• Efficient protocol design for wireless networks
• Ad-hoc networking
• unlicensed bands utilization
• dynamic sharing of the unlicensed spectrum
• wireless, self-organizing networks

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Improved access ports and terminals

• Improved access ports
• Multi-mode access ports
• Multiple air interfaces for a wide range of
  terminals
• Low-cost hardware
• Variety of terminals
• Large range of bandwidth (10kbps to 100Mbps)
• Long battery life (gt 1week)
• Complex (multi-mode, multi-function)
• Cheap (single mode, single function)

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Conclusions

• Mobile communications is a growing market
  requiring intense research efforts
• The convergence of Computing and Communication
  calls for multi-disciplinary research and
  development
• The 4th-generation wireless systems will comprise
  a multitude of software environments, networks,
  protocols, air interfaces, and terminals
• The PCC program is one measure for meeting these
  future challenges in mobile communications